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Seed Plants I: Seed Plants Without Flowers ("Gymnosperms"),…
Seed Plants I: Seed Plants Without Flowers ("Gymnosperms")
Concepts
Lignophytes
Spermatophytes
Manoxylic wood
Pycnoxylic wood
Gymnosperms
Naked ovule
Located on flat sporophylls
Example is pine cones
Non-flowering
Division Progymnospermophyta: Progymnosperms
Evolved from trimerophytes
Now extinct
Aneurophytales
Contains relictual progymnosperms
Aneurophyton
Archaeopteridales
abundant wood ans secondary phloem
Evolution of Seeds
Micropyle
Pollen chamber
Integument
Division Pteridospermophyta: Seed Ferns
From progymnosperms
Cycadophytes
Three divisions
Seed ferns
#
Cycads
Extant
Cycadeoids
#
Extinct
Leaves similar to true fern
Seeds could be extremely large
Division Coniferophyta:Conifers
Cone bracts
Compound cones
Ovuliferous scale
Simple cones
Suspensor
Short shoot
Proembryo
Long shoot
Division Cycadophyta: Cycads
Frequently confused with ferns/young palms
Have stout trunks
Pinnately compound leaves
Mosly short
Trunk covered
Division Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
Vegetative features
Differs on stomata complexes
Leaf trace organization
Individual cone had both micro and mega sporophyll
Ovule had stalk
#
Division Ginkgophyta: Maidenhair Tree
Single living sp
ecies
Ginkgo biloba
Unusual
Lookes like large dicot tree
Wood is like conifers
#
Lacks vessels and axial parenchyma
Beautigul tree
Popular ornamental
Leaves brilliant yellow in autumn
Division Gnetophyta
Engimatic plants
Ephedra
Welwitschia mirabilis
#
Gnetum
Unusual gymnosperms
Vessels in woods
Anthophytes
Similar to conifers woody
single species
Now extinct
Ovule