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Gymnosperms - Coggle Diagram
Gymnosperms
Division Progymnospermophyta: Progymnosperms
extinct
megaphyllous leaves
vascular cambium
aneurophytales
order Aneurophytales
shrubs to large trees
secondary growth
protostele primary xylem
not leaves yet
Archaeopteridales
order Archaeopteridales
trees up to 8.4m tall
abundant wood and secondary phloem
pith like modern conifers
"fronds"/"leaflets"
heterosporous
Evolution of Seeds
free-sporing species' spores easily identified
integument, tissue surrounding megasporangium
micropyle
hole in the integument
pollen chamber
Division Coniferophyta: Conifers
moderate to gigantic size
California Redwoods
simple needles or scaled leaves
1-2 long veins down center leaf
transfusion tracheids
phloem lack sieve tubes
cover over 17million km^2
monopodial
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Division Cucadophyta: Cycads
confused with ferns or young palms
stout trunks
compound leaves
short plants
similar to seed ferns internally
small amount of wood
foliage leaves do not bear ovules
seed cone large
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Division Ginkgophyta: Maidenhair Tree
single living species
Ginkgo biloba
unusual plant
resembles large dicot tree
wood like conifers
lacks vessels and axial parenchyma
broad leaves
dioecious and gymnospermous
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Division Gnetophyta
3 groups of enigmatic plants
vines or small shrubs
southeast Asia, tropical Africa, Amazon Basin
scalelike leaves
perennial leaves
vessels in wood
compound pollen cones
anthophytes
Division Pteridospermophtya: Seed Ferns
earliest appeared in Upper Devonian Period
form grade not clade
woody plan with fernlike foliage
seeds not sori
Stenomyelon
3-ribbed protostele
vascular bundles surrounding pith
manoxylic
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Division Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
all extinct
similar to cycads
cones contain microsporophylls and megasporangium
cup shaped microsporophyll