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Flowers and Reproduction, Non Essential Organs sepals and petals that do…

- - - - Seeds
        produced by sexual reproduction, often have a means of long-distance dispersal.
        
        Gametes
        diploid adults have sex organs that produce haploid sex cells.
        
        Sperm
        
        Microgametes
        small sperm cells.
        
        Microgametophytes
        sperm are produced by one individual while eggs are produced by another.
        
        Microspores
        one of the two types of spores that grow microgametophytes.
        
        Eggs
        
        Zygote
        a new single diploid cell, that is a fertilized egg.
        
        Megametes
        large eggs.
        
        Megagametophytes
        female gametophytes
        
        Megapores
        one of the two types of spores that grow megameophytes.
        
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        Heteromorphic Generations
        do not resemble sporophytes at all .This a complex life cycle.
      - Sporophyte Phase
        one phase of the plant life cycle**
        
        Sporophytes
        are always diploid and have organs in the angiosperm.
        
        Spores
        plants contain haploid spores
        
        Syngamy (Fertilization)
        gametes fuse with other gametes**
        
        Gametophyte
        does not undergo syngamy, but undergoes mitosis and grows into an entire new haploid plant.
        
        Microgametophyte
        
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        Alternation of Generations
        a life cycle with two generations
- - - - Essential Organs
        produce critically important spores.
      - Imperfect Flowers
        flowers that lack either one or both essential organs.
        
        Perfect Flower
        if a flower has both essential organs.
- - - - Perigynous
        flower parts.
        
        Inflorescences and Pollination
        
        Inflorescence
        many flowers are grouped together.
        
        Determinate inflorescences
        limited potential for growth because the inflorescence ape is converted to a flower.
        
        Indeterminate inflorescences
        the lowest or outermost flowers open first.
- - - - Monoecious
        species include cattails and carpellate flowers.
        
        Coevolution
        a flower becoming adapted for visitation by a particular insect and the insect for efficient exploitation of the flower.
        
        Actinomorphic
        flowers that when cut in half are two mirror images of each other.
        
        Zygomorphic
        flowers and pollinators have coevolved in such a way that the flowers are now bilaterally symmetrical.