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Coma, stupor, mentation change - Coggle Diagram
Coma, stupor, mentation change
causes
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neoplastic
primary e.g. meningiomas, gliomas, choroid plexus tumours, ependymomas, pituitary gland tumours, lymphomas
metastatic
haemangiosarcomas, lymphomas, carcinomas
local extension
multi lobular osteochondromas, ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma
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infectious/inflammatory
infectious - viral, rickettsial, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic
inflammatory - granulomatous meningoencephalitis, necrotising encephalitis (pug encephalitis)
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cognitive disorder
affected animals show chronic progressive behavioural abnormalities e.g. loss of learned behaviour, failure to recognise owners, disturbed sleep cycles
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hydrocephalus
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clinical signs
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as a result of involvement of forebrain and brainstem structures in hydrocephalus, alterations in awareness and cognition are common
occasionally when associated with fourth ventricle enlargement there may be pronounced vestibular dysfunction
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treatment
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mannitol, hypertonic saline and furosemide may be administered to provide a temporary decrease in ICP and so reserved for emergencies
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