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Epilepsies of Childhood (ii) - Coggle Diagram
Epilepsies of Childhood (ii)
West syndrome
onset @ 4-6mo
violent flexor spasms of head, trunk + limbs followed by extension of arms (salaam spasms)
social interaction often deteriorates, learning disability common
2/3 have underlying neuro cause
tx = vigabatrin or corticosteroids (good response in 30-40%)
EEG: hypsarrhythmia - chaotic
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
onset @ 1-3 y/o
mostly drop attacks (astatic seizures), tonic seizures, atypical absences
regression in behaviour
poor prognosis
Childhood absence epilepsy
onset @ 4-12 y/o
developmentally normal but can interfere with school
can be induced by hyperventilation
prognosis good, 95% remission in adolescence
only 2% of childhood epilepsy
Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)
onset @ 4-10 y/o
tonic-clonic seizures in sleep or simple focal seizures
abnormal feelings in tongue + facial distortion due to Rolandic area affected
15% of childhood epilepsy
benign, no tx needed, almost all remit in adolescence
Early onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos type)
onset @ 1-14 y/os
young children: unresponsive periods, eye deviation, vomiting, autonomic features
older children: headache, visual disturbances e.g. hallucinations
uncommon
EEG shows occipital changes
remits in childhood
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
onset in adolescence-adulthood
generalised tonic clonic seizures + absence seizures may also occur
hx: throwing drinking + cereal in morning (myoclonus occurs in morning usually)
learning unimpaired
genetic link identified
remission unlikely