Math and Astronomy
Top 10 Arab Mathematicians
Abu Kamil Shuja’ ibn Aslam ( 850 AD to 930 AD): Considered the first mathematician to use irrational numbers as solutions to problems and coefficients to equations methodically
Al-Battani (858 AD to 929 AD): Measured how long the solar year is
Maslama al-Majriti (950AD to 1007AD): Predicted a futuristic process of scientific interchange
Thabit ibn Qurrah ( 836 AD to 901 AD): Translated and revised critical books that led to Islam's understanding of subjects
Al-Kindi ( 801 AD to 873 AD): Brought in Indian numerals into the Islamic world
Jabir ibn Aflah (1100 AD to 1150 AD): Invented an analogue computer and created a work that influenced others
Sheikh Baha’i, (1547 AD to 1621AD): One of the earliest astronomers to support the claim that the Earth moved around the Sun
Avempace (1085 AD to 1138AD): Contributed to philosophy, physics, astronomy, medicine, botany, music, and poetry
Abdul Jerri (1932 – Present): Contributed to the Shannon Sampling Theory
Roshidi Rashed ( 1936 – Present): Illuminates different works of the Medieval Arab mathematicians and physics
Astronomical Innovation
Architecture
Symmetrical designs
They discovered the different types/shapes of symmetry that are possible on a 2D surface.
Lunar formations
In 1651, Joannes Baptista Riccioli created a work called Almagestum Novum with a complete map of the moon. He named the lunar formations after renowned astronomers
There are 672 lunar formations and 13 of those were named after Muslim astronomers
Messala
Almanson
Alfrangus
Albategnius
Thabit
Azophi
Invented tools that improved ability to make observations
Compiled better tables
Improved and refined Ptolemaic system
Muslim astronomers
Ibn Yunus (d 1009): Made observations for over 30 years and determined more than 10,000 entries of the sun's positions
Al-Farghani: Was one of the caliph's astronomers and wrote on the astrolabe
Al-Biruni (973-1050): Claimed that the Earth rotated around its own axis. He also calculated the circumference of the Earth
Al-Zarqali (1029-1087): Prepared the Toledan Tables and a famous instrument maker that created a more sophisticated astrolabe.
Al-Sufi (903-986): Made many observations on the motion of the sun and length of the solar year, as well as observing stars. Also wrote on the astrolabe, with thousands of uses
Jabir Ibn Aflah (d. 1145): Was the first to design a portable celestial sphere
House of Wisdom
Intellectual powerhouse
Set up in 810