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Chapter 24 - Seed Plants II: Angiosperms - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 24 - Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Concepts
Magnoliophyta - grouping for all flowering plants
Evolutionary steps in creation of angiosperms
Double Fertilization
Ability to make bisexual flowers
Vessel Elements
Sieve tubes
Woody perrenials
ability to germinate, grow, reproduce, and die in a single year
Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms
Ranalean Flower - a hypothesis in which a Magnolia-type flower was thought to be relictual
such a flower is generalized. Generalized - has all parts
earliest angiosperm fossils from 130 mil. years ago
Classificationof Flowering Plants
magnoliophyta group is extremely large
flowering plants began following two line of evolution
monocots
generally have one cotyledon on each embryo
leaves usually have parallel veins
vasc. bundles throughout stem
dont have ordinary secondary growth or wood
Eudicots
2 cotyledons
reticulate venation
vasc. bundles occur 1 ring in stem
woody, herbaceous, or succulent
Basal Angiosperms
Contains living descendants of groups that originated while angiosperms where still a young clade
3 groups
Nymphaeaceae
water lillies
Austrobaileyales
woody trees w/ bisexual flowers
Amborellaceae
small trees w/ only 1 species
Monocots
evolved from angiosperms 80-100 mil. years ago
Alismatales
many aquatic herbs and aquarium plants
thin and delicate
Liliales
petaloid monocots w/ large colorful flowers
spots or lines absent from petals
Asparagales
very large clade
unusual formation of nectaries
extreme morphological variation
Dioscoreales
only family is dioscoreaceae
yams and starchy tubers
Commelinoid Monocots
have unique types of epicuticular wax
walls have unusual types of hemicellulose and ultraviolet-fluorescent compounds
pollen and endosperm contain starch
Arecales
palms
have solitary trunks
Poales
cattails, wheat, barley, oats, rye, corn, rice, and sugar cane
8000 species
Zingiberales
many houseplants
large, showy insect pollinated flowers
Eudicots
larger group than monocts
Basal Eudicots
many families didnt fit eudicot or monocot
Caryophyllales
all produce water soluble pigments called betalains
endosperm fails to cont. growing
Santalales
highly modified parasitic plants
Rosid Clade
extremely large. hard to see relations
several small orders and 2 small groups
large groups
fabids (euroside I)
Malvids (euroside II)
Asterid Clade
sunflower, periwinkle, petunia, and morning glory
arose 60 mil. years ago
no betalains
have iridoid compounds
