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Chapter 3: Network Access - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Construct IP addressing and subnetting
        
        Binary and Decimal Conversion
        IPv4 Addresses
        
        consists of the numbers 0 and 1 called bits
        
        32 binary bits divided into 4 8-bit octets
        
        IPv4 addresses are commonly expressed in dotted decimal notation
        
        Binary and Decimal Conversion
        Positional Notation
        
        Decimal is 10. Binary is based on 2, therefore radix will be 2
        
        2nd row considers the position of the number starting with 0.
        
        4th row numbers also represent the exponential value that will be used to calculate the positional value
        
        3rd row calculates the positional value by taking the radix and raising it by the exponential value of its position. Note: n^0 is always = 1.
        
        The positional value is listed in the fourth row
        
        To convert a binary IPv4 address to decimal enter the 8-bit binary number of each octet under the positional value of row 1 and then calculate to produce the decimal
        
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        Decimal to Binary Conversion
        
        To convert a decimal IPv4address to binary use the positional chart and check first if the number is greater than the 128 bit.
        
        128 is subtracted from the original number and the remainder is then checked against the next position (64) If it is less than 64 a 0 is placed in this position.
        
        Decimal to Binary Conversion Examples
        
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  - - - Implement an IPv4 addressing scheme
        
        The Subnet Mask
        
        Three IPv4 addresses must be configured on a host:
        ◽ Unique IPv4 address of the host
        ◽ Subnet mask - identifies the network/host portion of the IPv4 address.
        ◽ Default gateway -IP address of the local router interface.
        
        The IPv4 address is compared to the subnet mask bit by bit, from left to right.
        
        1 in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the IPv4 address
        is a network bit.
        
        The Subnet Mask (Cont.)
- - - - First Host address - host portion is all
        0s and ends with a 1 (.00000001)
        
        Last Host address - host portion is all 1s and ends with a 0 (.11111110)
        
        Broadcast Address - host portion is all
        1s (.11111111)
  - - - Most networks use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign IPv4 addresses dynamically
      - Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
        
        Private Addresses
        
        ◦ Not routable
        
        ◦ Introduced in mid 1990s due to depletion of
        
        IPv4 addresses
        
        ◦ Used only in internal networks.
        
        ◦ Must be translated to a public IPv4 to be routable
        
        ◦ Defined by RFC 1918
        
        Private Address Blocks
        
        ◦ 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
        
        ◦ 172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to
        
        172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 /16
        
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    - - Unicast – one to one
        communication
        
        • Use the address of the destination device as the destination address.
      - Broadcast– one to all
        
        • Message sent to everyone in the LAN (broadcast domain.)
      - Multicast – one to a
        select group
        
        • routing protocols use multicast transmission to exchange
    - - ◦American Registry for Internet Numbers
        (ARIN)- North America.
        ◦ Réseaux IP Europeans (RIPE) - Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia
        ◦ Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) - Asia and Pacific regions
        ◦ African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC) – Africa
        ◦ Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry (LACNIC) - Latin America and some Caribbean islands