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* ASTHMA asthma-1-638 * - Coggle Diagram
* ASTHMA
*
Clinical manifestation
shortness of breaths
coughing often worst at night
wheezing
chest tightness
expiration required effort
dyspnea
diaphoresis
Definition
Clinical syndrome of chronic airway inflammation characterized by recurrent, reversible, airway obstruction.
Risk factors and causes
lower socioeconomic factors
exposure to air pollution
family history of allergic condition
viral respiratory illness
personal history of high fever (allergic rhinitis)
obesity
diagnostic test
history and physical examination
lung function testing with spirometry
skin testing for common aeroallergens
measurement of exhaled nitric oxide
blood test (any increase in eosinophils
sputum test
pathophysiology
mast cells secreted mediators, leads to hypersecretion, increase in blood flow, vasoconstriction
narrowing of airway and classic symptoms of wheezing
increase in eosinophils and thickening of the lamina reticularis
pharmacology
immunomodulators (omalizumab) severe persist asthma
leukotriene modifier (inhibitor) -> more severe asthma (e.g.
singular
combined therapy; inhaled corticosteroid and theophylline
quick-relief med; Ventolin (short-acting beta2 adrenergic agonists)
Atrovent (anticholinergic)
diet modification
more vitamin D (salmon, milk, eggs etc.)
high levels of vitamin A (carrots, sweet potato, broccoli etc..)
fruits such as bananas and apples
magnesium (pumpkin seeds, spinach, dark chocolate
nursing care plan
assessment
Assess the client’s vital signs
Assess the respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm.
Assess breath sounds such as wheezes and stridor
diagnosis
sputum and blood test
lung test using spirometry
outcomes
symptom control behavior
treatment behavior
intervention
Airway management
Airway insertion and stabilization
Respiratory monitoring
Airway suctioning
references
Ackley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B., Msn, R. N., Makic, M. B. F., Martinez-Kratz, M., & Zanotti, M. (2019). Nursing Diagnosis Handbook E-Book: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care. Mosby.
Joyce, B. M., & Jane, H. H. (2008). Medical surgical nursing. Clinical management for positive outcome. Volume 1. Eight Edition. Saunders Elsevier. St. Louis. Missouri.
Pellico, L. H., Bautista, C., & Esposito, C. (2012). Focus on adult health medical-surgical nursing.
