Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 3 : Network Access - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3 : Network Access
3.1.3 Implement an IPv4 addressing scheme.
Network and Host Portions
An IPv4 address is
hierarchical.
Composed of a Network portion and Host portion
All devices on the same network must have the identical network portion.
The Subnet Mask helps devices identify the network portion and host portion.
The Subnet Mask
Three IPv4 addresses must be
configured on a host:
Subnet mask - identifies the
network/host portion of the IPv4 address.
Default gateway -IP address of the
local router interface.
Unique IPv4 address of the host.
The IPv4 address is compared to the subnet mask bit by bit, from left to right.
A 1 in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the IPv4 address
is a network bit.
Logical AND
A logical AND is one of three basic binary operations used in digital logic.
Used to determine the Network Address
The Prefix Length
Equals the number of
bits in the subnet mask set to 1.
Written in slash notation, / followed by the number of network bits.
Shorthand method of expressing the subnet mask.
Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses
Types of Addresses in Network
192.168.10.0/24
Network Address - host portion is all 0s (.00000000)
First Host address - host portion is all 0s and ends with a 1 (.00000001)
Last Host address - host portion is all 1s and ends with a 0 (.11111110)
Broadcast Address - host portion is all 1s (.11111111)
Dynamic IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
Most networks use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign IPv4 addresses dynamically.
The DHCP server provides an
IPv4 address, subnet mask, default gateway, and other configuration information.
DHCP leases the addresses to
hosts for a certain length of time.
If the host is powered down or
taken off the network, the address is returned to the pool for reuse.
IPv4 Communication
Broadcast Transmission
One to all.
Message sent to everyone
in the LAN (broadcast domain).
destination IPv4 address has all ones (1s) in the host portion.
Multicast Transmission
One to a select
group.
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
addresses reserved for multicast.
routing protocols use multicast transmission to exchange routing information.
Unicast Transmission
One to one communication.
Use the address of the destination device as the destination address.
Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
Private Addresses
Not routable
Used only in internal networks.
Defined by RFC 1918
Must be translated to a public IPv4 to be routable.
Private Address Blocks
10.0.0.0 /8 or 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to
172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 /16
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Classless Addressing
Legacy Classful Addressing
Special User IPv4 Addresses
Loopback addresses (127.0.0.0 /8 or 127.0.0.1)
Used on a host to test if the TCP/IP configuration is operational.
Link-Local addresses (169.254.0.0 /16
or 169.254.0.1)
Commonly known as Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses.
Used by Windows client to self configure if no DHCP server available.
TEST-NET addresses (192.0.2.0/24 or 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255)
Used for teaching and learning.
Network addresses were based on 3 classes:
Class A
(0.0.0.0/8 to 127.0.0.0/8) – Designed to support extremely large networks with more than 16 million host addresses.
Class B
(128.0.0.0 /16 – 191.255.0.0 /16) – Designed to support the needs of moderate to large size networks up to approximately 65,000 host addresses.
Class C
(192.0.0.0 /24 –223.255.255.0 /24) – Designed to support small networks with
a maximum of 254 hosts.
Assignment of IP Addresses
The following organizations manage and maintain IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for the various regions.
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) - North America.
Réseaux IP Europeans (RIPE) - Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia
Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) - Asia and Pacific regions
African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC) – Africa
Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry (LACNIC) - Latin America and some Caribbean islands
Classful Addressing wasted addresses and exhausted the availability of IPv4 addresses.
3.1.2 Convert between binary and
decimal numbering systems.
IPv4 Addresses
IPv4 addresses are expressed in 32 binary bits divided into 4 8-bit octets.
IPv4 addresses are commonly expressed in dotted decimal notation.
Positional Notation
The first row identifies the number
base or radix.
The 2nd row considers the position of the number starting with 0.
These numbers also represent the exponential value that will be used to calculate the positional value (4th row).
The 3rd row calculates the positional value by taking the radix and raising it by the exponential value of its position.
The positional value is listed in the
fourth row.
Binary to Decimal Conversion
To convert a binary IPv4 address to decimal enter the 8-bit binary number of each octet under the positional value of row 1 and then calculate to produce
the decimal.