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Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) - Coggle Diagram
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS)
Triad
ARF (HUS is a renal cause of ARF)
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
thrombocytopenia
Typical (diarrhoea-associated)
secondary to GI infection
normally verotoxin producing E Coli O157:H7
acquired through contact with farm animals/eating undercooked beef
less commonly Shigella
prodrome = bloody diarrhoea
toxin localises to endothelial cells of kidney + causes intravasc thrombogenesis
coag cascade activated
not DIC
RBCs damaged as they pass through this occluded microcirculation, results in microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
other organs incl brain, pancreas + heart may be affected
good prognosis with early supportive tx sometimes incl dialysis
follow up necessary to monitor for persistent proteinuria, HTN + declining renal function
Atypical
no diarrhoeal prodrome
may be familial
frequently relapses
high risk of HTN, chronic RF + mortality
If atypical HUS or cerebral involvement can tx with plasma exchange or infusions
efficacy unproven