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The Gram-Positive Bacteria ＆ Domain Archaea, 10941027A黃宇菡, 10941019A李心慈,…

- - - - No conidiospores
        
        Acid-fast
        
        Nocardia
        
        Some species are partially acid-fast
        
        aerobes
        
        It forms partially acid-fast beaded branching filaments
        
        Fix N2
        
        Frankia
        
        Can resist low concentration of heavy metals such as, Cu, Co, and Zn.
        
        Cell walls made out of protein called peptidologlycan
        
        It grows best environment
        
        pH between 6.5 and 7
        
        around 30 degrees Celsius
      - Form conidiospores
        
        Aerobic
        
        Streptomyces
        
        Most streptomycetes produce spores.
        
        They form a complex substrate mycelium that aids in scavenging organic compounds from their substrates.
        
        They produce over two-thirds of the clinically useful antibiotics of natural origin
        
        Anaerobic
        
        Actinomyces
        
        they grow best under anaerobic conditions
        
        Actinomyces species may form endospores
        
        facultatively anaerobic
    - - Acid-fast
        
        Mycobacterium
        
        G (+)
        
        M. tuberculosis
        
        Mycolic acids : waxy, water-resistant layer
        
        M. leprae
        
        Drug resistance
        
        Acid fast staining
        
        Aerobic, non-endospore forming rods
      - No acid-fast
        
        Stain gram+
        
        Cause diphtheria
        
        Corynebacterium
        
        aerobic
        
        They are widely distributed in nature in the microbiota of animals
        
        mostly innocuous
        
        Make propionic acid
        
        Propionibacterium
        
        facultative parasites and commensals of humans and other animals
        
        They are virtually ubiquitous and do not cause problems for most people
        
        anaerobic
        
        are widely used in the production of vitamin B12
        
        Stain gram-
        
        Gardnerella
        
        nonmotile coccobacilli
        
        non-spore-forming
        
        grows on HBT
        
        facultative anaerobic bacteria
        
        gray colonies on chocolate agar
  - - - Feature
        
        善於消化並促進吸收脂肪的細菌
        
        大量存在容易使宿主肥胖
        
        細胞壁肽聚醣含量高，約50%-80%，细胞壁厚10-50nm
        
        peptidoglycan
        
        polymer of protein and carbohydrate
        
        gives structure and shape to the cell
        
        protects the bacterium from osmotic stress
        
        Chemoheterotrophs or Chemoautotrophs
        
        少數可產生內孢子或外孢子
        
        二分裂繁殖
      - Genus
        
        Clostridiales
        
        Clostridium
        
        Some Clostridium species are used by industry to produce solvents
        
        Clostridium toxin
        
        Clostridium botulinum toxin
        
        to paralyze muscles of the face to reduce skin wrinkles
        
        Bacillus
        
        Staphylococcus
        
        are commonly found on human skin and mucosal surfaces
        
        Mycoplasmatales
        
        Lactobacillales
        
        Streptococcus
        
        cause strep throat
        
        many benign streptococci are normally found in the mouth and throat
        
        Lactobacillus
        
        is common in the making of yogurt and cheese products
- - - - Methanobacterium
        
        Methanobacteriales
        
        Methanobacteriaceae
        
        Gram Positive
        
        在水田、沉積物，缺氧的且除CO2外無其他無機電子受體存在的環境分離到
        
        硝酸鹽或硫酸鹽
        
        type species
        
        Methanobacterium formicicum)。
      - 適合於高濃度的甲烷環境的生物
    - - Haiobacterium
        
        耐受12%～30%（2.5～5.2mol/L）氯化鈉濃度
        
        Gram-negative bacteria
        
        Halobacteriales
        
        Halobacteriaceae
        
        生活在鹽湖、鹽場及腐敗的鹽製品等中性鹽環境中
        
        type species
        
        Halobacterium salinarum
    - - Pyrodictium
        
        Desulfurococcale
        
        Pyrodictiaceae
        
        Gram-negative bacteria
        
        live in Submarine Hydrothermal System
        
        type species
        
        Pyrodictium occultum
      - Sulofobus
        
        Sulfolobales
        
        Sulfolobaceae
        
        type species
        
        Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
        
        Gram-negative bacteria
        
        產自陸地地熱區的硫質噴氣環境
      - 約85～130℃生活的生物，最低55℃以上。