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Chapter 3: Network Access, 3.1.2 Convert between binary and decimal…
Chapter 3: Network Access
3.1 Construct IP Addressing and Subnetting
Binary: 0,1 (32 bits)
There are 4 octet for each 8 bits octet
IPv4 addresses are commonly expressed in dotted decimal notation
Positional Notation
The first row identifies the number base or radix.
The 2nd row considers the position of the number starting with 0.
The 3rd row calculates the positional value by taking the radix and raising it by the exponential value of its position.
The positional value is listed in the fourth row.
Binary to decimal is when binary numbers of 1 under decimal number so it can calculate as example under 128 number(decimal) is number 1 of binary number and next number after 128 is 64 also has number 1 of binary, then it will be
+64.To calculate it, we must assume it as 128+64 then it will get answer of decimal.
Decimal to binary is when the positional value can subtract when the number is more than equal to positional value. Then we can add 1 and otherwise it will add 0.
The process repeats until all positional values have been entered.
3.1.3 Implement an IPv4 addressing scheme
Composed of a Network portion and Host portion.
Network portion as octet 1
Host portion as the last octet
The Subnet Mask
Unique IPv4 address of the host.
Subnet mask - identifies the network/host portion of the IPv4 address
Default gateway -IP address of the local router interface.
The IPv4 address is compared to the subnet mask bit by bit, from left to right.
Logical AND
one of three basic binary operations used in digital logic
to determine the Network Address
IP Address 0-255
The Prefix Length
If there have 32 bits in binary, the first octet is 255 that 11111111, so the prefix length is /8
Must written in slash followed by number bit
Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses
Network Address - host portion is all 0s (.00000000)
First Host address - host portion is all 0s and ends with a 1
Last Host address - host portion is all 1s and ends with a 0
Broadcast Address - host portion is all 1s
Hosts in a small network can also be configured with static addresses.
Dynamic IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
A large network use e Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
The DHCP server provides:
IPv4 address
Subnet mask
Default gateway
IPv4 Communication
Unicast – one to one communication.
Broadcast– one to all.
Multicast – one to a select group.
Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
Private Addresses
Private Address Blocks
Special User IPv4 Addresses
Loopback addresses (127.0.0.0 /8 or 127.0.0.1)
Link-Local addresses (169.254.0.0 /16 or 169.254.0.1)
TEST-NET addresses (192.0.2.0/24 or 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255)
Legacy Classful Addressing
Class A (0.0.0.0/8 to 127.0.0.0/8) –
Class B (128.0.0.0 /16 – 191.255.0.0 /16)
Class C (192.0.0.0 /24 – 223.255.255.0 /24)
Assignment of IP Addresses
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)- North America.
Réseaux IP Europeans (RIPE) - Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia
Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) - Asia and Pacific regions
African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC) – Africa
Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry (LACNIC) - Latin America and some Caribbean islands
3.1.2 Convert between binary and decimal numbering systems.
Used on a host to test if the TCP/IP configuration is operational.
Used for teaching and learning.
To support extremely large networks
to support the needs of moderate to large size networks
to support small networks
Used by Windows client to self configure if no DHCP server available.
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