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Chapter 3: Network Access - Coggle Diagram

- - - - raising it by the exponential
        value of its position.
      - n^0 is
        always = 1.
    - - 128,64,32,16,8,4,2,1
  - - - enter the 8-bit binary number of
        each octet under the positional value of row 1 and then calculate to produce
        the decimal.
    - - To convert a decimal IPv4address to
        binary
        
        use the positional chart and
        check first if the number is greater than 128
        
        If no a 0 is placed
        in this position.
        
        If yes then a 1 is
        placed in this position.
        
        128 is subtracted from the original
        number
        
        checked against the next position
        64 If it is less than 64 a 0 is placed
        
        If it is greater, its 1
        
        The process repeats until all
        positional values have been entered.
- - - - Unique IPv4 address of the host
      - identifies the
        network/host portion of the IPv4 address
      - Default gateway -IP address of the
        local router interface.
  - - - host portion is all
        0s (.00000000)
      - First Host address - host portion is all
        0s and ends with a 1 (.00000001)
      - Last Host address - host portion is all
        1s and ends with a 0 (.11111110)
      - Broadcast Address - host portion is all
        1s (.11111111)
  - - - use Dynamic
        Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign IPv4
        dynamically
      - DHCP leases the addresses to
        hosts for a certain length of time
      - if the host is powered sown then the
        address is returned to the pool for reuse.
- - - - destination IPv4 address
        has all ones (1s) in the host portion
  - - - routing protocols use multicast
        transmission to exchange routing information
  - - - Not routable
      - Introduced in mid 1990s due to depletion of
        IPv4 addresses
      - Used only in internal network
      - Must be translated to a public IPv4 to be
        routable.
      - Defined by RFC 1918
      - blocks
        
        10.0.0.0 /8 or 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
        
        172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 /16
        
        192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
    - - Loopback addresses (127.0.0.0 /8 or
        127.0.0.1)
        
        Used on a host to test if the TCP/IP
        configuration is operational.
      - Link-Local addresses (169.254.0.0 /16
        or 169.254.0.1)
        
        known as Automatic Private
        IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses.
        
        Used by Windows client to self configure
        if no DHCP server available.
      - TEST-NET addresses (192.0.2.0/24 or
        192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255)
        
        Used for teaching and learning.
      - Legacy Classful Addressing
        
        Network addresses were based on 3
        classes
        
        Class A
        
        Designed to support extremely large
        networks with more than 16 million host addressed
        
        Class B
        
        Designed to support the needs of moderate
        to large size networks up to approximately 65,000 host addresses.
        
        Class C
        
        Designed to support small networks with
        a maximum of 254 hosts.
  - - - American Registry for Internet Numbers
        (ARIN)- North America.
      - Réseaux IP Europeans (RIPE) - Europe, the
        Middle East, and Central Asia
      - Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
        (APNIC) - Asia and Pacific regions
      - African Network Information Centre
        (AfriNIC) – Africa
      - Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP
        Address Registry (LACNIC) - Latin America and some Caribbean islands