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Chapter 3: Network Access - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3:
Network Access
3.1 Construct IP adressing and subnetting
3.1.3 Implement an IPv4 addressing
scheme.
Network and Host Portions
An IPv4 address is
hierarchical.
composed of a network portion and host portion.
All devices on the same
network must have the identical network portion.
The Subnet Mask helps devices identify the network portion and host portion.
The Subnet Mask
Three IPv4 addresses must be
configured on a host:
◦ Unique IPv4 address of the host
◦ Subnet mask - identifies the
network/host portion of the IPv4 address.
◦ Default gateway -IP address of the
local router interface.
Logical AND
A logical AND is one of three basic binary operations used in digital logic.
Used to determine the
Network Address
§The Logical AND of two bits
yields the following results:
1 AND 1 = 1
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
1 AND 0 = 0
The Prefix Length
Shorthand method of expressing the subnet mask
Equals the number of
bits in the subnet mask set to 1
Written in slash notation, / followed by the number of network bits.
Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses
Types of Addresses in Network
192.168.10.0/24
Network Address - host portion is all
0s (.00000000)
First Host address - host portion is all
0s and ends with a 1 (.00000001)
Last Host address - host portion is all
1s and ends with a 0 (.11111110)
• Broadcast Address - host portion is all
1s (.11111111)
Static IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
Some devices like printers, servers and network devices require a fixed IP address.
Hosts in a small network
can also be configured with static addresses
Dynamic IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
Most networks use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign IPv4 addresses dynamically
DHCP leases the addresses to
hosts for a certain length of time.
IPv4 Communication
Unicast – one to one
communication
Broadcast– one to all.
Multicast – one to a
select group
Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
private addresses
Not routable
Used only in internal networks
Defined by RFC 1918
Legacy Classful Addressing
Class A
Designed to support extremely large
networks with more than 16 million host addresses
Class B
Designed to support the needs of moderate
to large size networks up to approximately 65,000 host addresses.
Class C
Designed to support small networks with
a maximum of 254 hosts.
3.1.2 Convert between binary and
decimal numbering systems.
IPv4 Addresses
Binary numbering system consists of the numbers 0 and 1 called bits
◦ IPv4 addresses are expressed in 32 binary bits divided into 4 8-bit octets
IPv4 addresses are commonly expressed in dotted decimal notation
Binary and Decimal Conversion
Positional Notation
The first row identifies the number
base or radix.Decimal is 10.Binary is based on 2,therefore radix will be 2
The 2nd row considers the position
of the number starting with 0.These numbers also represent the exponential value that will be used to calculate the positional value (4th row).
The 3rd row calculates the positional value by taking the radix and raising it by the exponential value of its position. Note: n^0 is always = 1.
The positional value is listed in the
fourth row
Binary to Decimal Conversion
To convert a binary IPv4 address to decimal enter the 8-bit binary number of each octet under the positional value of row 1 and then calculate to
produce the decimal.
Decimal to Binary Conversion
To convert a decimal IPv4address to
binary use the positional chart and check first if the number is greater than the 128 bit. If no a 0 is placed in this position. If yes then a 1 is placed in this position.
128 is subtracted from the original number and the remainder is then checked against the next position
(64) If it is less than 64 a 0 is placed in this position. If it is greater, a 1 is placed in this position and 64 is
subtracted.
The process repeats until all
positional values have been entered.