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CELL SIGNALLING - Coggle Diagram
CELL SIGNALLING
Types of signals
Endocrine
Paracrine
Neuronal
Contact - Dependent
Specialized Cell Junctions
Tight Junctions
Watertight seal between seals
Seal off the passageway between the two cells
Prevent undesirable leaks within epithelial sheets
Gap Junctions
Permit unrestricted passage of small nutrient molecules between cells
Direct transfer of small signaling molecules from one cell to the next
Desmosomes
Cellular support of cardiac muscle
Resists cellular separation and cell disruption
Hemidesmosomes
Connect cells to extracellular material
Half a desmosome
RECEPTOR
Intracellular
Fast (alter gene function)
Eg; Nitirix Oxide; Directly activates enzyme
Slow (alter gene expression)
Retinoid
Vitamin D
Thyroid
Steroid
Cell Surface
May work both fast and slow
Always use second messanger
3 Major Class
Enzyme Link
Second major type of receptor
Six class of enzyme link receptor
Receptorlike tyrosine phosphates
Receptor serine
Tyrosine-kinase-associated receptor
Receptor guanylyl cyclases
Histidine-kinase-associated receptor
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Ion Channel Link
Channel protein in a plasma membrane that can open or close in respond to a signal from ligand
Important in functioning nervous system
G-Protein Coupled Receptor
Second Messanger and Intracellular Signalling
Molecule that relay signal received at receptors on the cell surface
Nitric Oxide (NO)
Is a soluble, highly reactive gas fromed by natural chemical and physical reactions in the atmosphere
Produced by certain animal and plants cells from amino acid, L-arginine
It is so small and diffusible NO passes through cell membrane and is often used as biological signal
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Cyclic AMP is a modified ATP that converts ATP into cyclic AMP which in turn activates a protein kinase.