IT Architecture

Three layers of a firm’s IT architecture

Apps

Data

IT Infrastructure

firm’s digital plumbing used by all line functions

software programs that undergird the functionality of a hardware device

Where is your firm’s data stored?

It includes the networks through which data travels and apps are linked and the hardware on which apps run and store data

E.g. computers, tablets, servers, and storage devices

Their firm-wide arrangement

PC, smartphone, tablet, cash register, or other Internet-connected devices

Eg.: a thermostat, camera, or car systems

It has irreversible operational and strategic consequences

Three arrangements

Client-server architecture

Peer-to-peer architecture

Cloud architecture

None of App Architecture is optimal because every one of them involves tradeoffs.

Integrated firm-wide data is the foundation of IT-enabled automation of business processes and large-scale business analytics

Two causes

Fragmented across apps

Geographic dispersion

Replication

Partioning

Universal Translator

It translates between business-speak and technology-speak to foster a shared purpose

By transforming strategy-driven business priorities into matching IT assets, it provides a blueprint for executing business strategy

DNA

Imprints traits of IT systems, largely irreversible and influences how they can and cannot evolve

Its strategic consequences manifest long after its immediate operational consequences

The resulting choices can constrain strategic flexibility tomorrow

Good architecture

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Balances economical performance today and economical changeability later.

It fulfils today's requirements but plans for tomorrow's expectations.

It explains why some firms' IT is more adaptable archrivals' and some can harness new innovations faster.

Non-IT managers can help preserve enough of both.

Inside the Corporate IT Architecture Blackbox

Decomposes a firm’s IT portfolio into relatively autonomous IT assets

Facilitates integrating them so they behave as a cohesive whole