Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hypertension, Erika González Cruz, Thursday, April, 22nd, 2021 - Coggle…
Hypertension
Primary hypertension causes
Obesity
Insulin resistance
High alcohol intake
High salt intake (in salt-sensitive patients)
Aging
Sedentary lifestyle
Stress
Low potassium or calcium intake
Secondary hypertension causes
Kidney disease
Hyperparathyroidism
Thyroid problem
Adrenal disease
Obstructive sleep apnea
Certain medications
Decongestants
Immune system suppressants
Antidepressants
Stimulants
Diet pills
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
Hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills)
Blood Pressure Guidelines
Normal
Less than 120/80 mm Hg
Stage 1
Systolic between 130-139 or diastolic between 80-89
Elevated
Systolic between 120-129 and diastolic less than 80
Stage 2
Systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg
Hypertensive crisis
Systolic over 180 and/or diastolic over 120, with patients needing prompt changes in medication if there are no other indications of problems, or immediate hospitalization if there are signs of organ damage.
Symptoms
Headache or blurred vision
Increasing confusion
Seizure
Increasing chest pain
Increasing shortness of breath
Swelling or edema (fluid buildup in the tissues)
Malignant hypertension
Progressive target organ damage
Kidneys
Eye
Vascular system
Heart
Brain
Prevalence
Black People
Non-Hispanic
Poles (68.9% in men and 72.5% in women)
+20 years old people
After diagnosis
Treatment
Eating a heart-healthy diet with less salt
Getting regular physical activity
Maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight if you're overweight or obese
Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink
Tests
Lab tests.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
Ambulatory monitoring.
Echocardiogram.
Medications
Diuretics
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
Calcium channel blockers.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
Definition
Condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure.
Angiotensin II
Raises or decreases blood pressure
Vasoconstriction caused by the Increased vasopressin
Sympathetic nervous stimulation
Releases noreadrenaline
Increases aldosterone biosynthesis
Excess of Sodium
Increases intracellular volume
Systolic volume increased
Leads to
High bood pressure
Reduces Glomerular filtration rate
Renal failure
Erika González Cruz
Thursday, April, 22nd, 2021