psychopathology

biological approach to explaining and treating OCD

definitions of abnormality

behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics

behavioral approach to explaining and treating phobias

cognitive approach to explaining and treating depression

failure to function adequately

statistical infrequency

deviation from social norms

deviation from ideal mental health

depression

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

phobias

emotional

cognitive

behavioural

emotional

cognitive

behavioural

emotional

cognitive

behavioural

treating

explaining

flooding

systematic desensitisation

two process model

operant conditioning

classical conditioning

use of hierarchy

relaxation

treating

explaining

explaining

treating

cognitive behavioral thearpy (CBT)

ellis's abc model

becks negative triad

used to treat people with a wide range of mental health issues, it is based on the idea that how we think, feel and act are all linked, specifically our thoughts determining our feelings and actions.

challenging irrational thoughts

drug therapy

neural explanations

genetic explinations

a persons trait, thinking or behaviour is classified as abnormal if it is rare or statistically unusual

when a person is deemed as abnormal for not being able to cope with the demand of everyday life

norms are ways people are expected to behave that are set by the majority and people who don't fit all the norms as labeled as being abnormal

limitations

strengths

helps to adress what is normal in a statistical context

fails to distinguish between desirable and undesirable behaviours. the definition suggests that abnormal behavior should be rare whilst it isn't always the case.

limitations

strengths

it helps people identify abnormal behaviour within their culture

what is deemed as normal will differe between social groups and a person of one culture can't decide what should be normal in all cultures. what is deemed as abnormal chages over time meanig that what is considered abnoral may become the norm.

limitations

strengths

instead of defining what is abnormal the norm for mental health is defined and anything that differs from this is deemed abnormal

limitations

strengths

it doesn't look at behaviour meaning there is a much lower chance that cultural behaviours will make it so some people deem others as abnormal.

nearly everyone won't meet all the requirements for ideal mental health all the time, this means that people won't be suffering from a mental disorder whilst being classified as because they don't meet all the requirements.

if a person struggles to leave their bed or go to work/social areas it could be a sign that something is wrong

the definition of this could be taken as calling the abnormal behaviours useful or pleasant for the person as the behaviours may be seen as making it so the person can't function whilst the person feels better as a result of these behaviours

sleeping too much, fatigue or loss of enegry, significant unintentional weight gain or loss, reduced interest in activities

depressed mood most of the day, reduced self esteem and self confidence, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, sadness

recurrent thoughts of death, pessimistic view of future, ideas of self harm, ideas of guilt and worthlessness

click to edit

click to edit

click to edit

performing certain actions in a certain way, repeating an activity a certain number of times

intrusive thoughts, the presence of obsessions/compulsions, fear of something

intrusive negative thoughts, thoughts that is an actions is performed something bad will happen

image

image

to combat these feelings and actions CBT focuses on changing negative and unrealistic thoughts causing distress and problems.

medication can also be taken to help reduce the symptoms of depression

SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors )