sport psychology
SELF-EFFICACY
GROUP DYNAMICS
ANXIETY/AROUSAL
MOTIVATION
AGGRESSION
characteristics
collective identity - team is recognised easily e.g. wearing the same kit
interaction - team members operate in their own role successfully and link with other members
communication - individual players should talk to each other
shared goal or purpose - all players should want to aim for the same goal to gave maximum motivation
Tuckman
- forming
NEED ACHIEVEMENT THEORY
NACH
persistent, confident, relaxed, competitive, intrinsically motivated
persistent during adversity, prepare well, belief in effort
NAF
pessimistic, anxious, fear of failure, uncompetitive, extrinsically motivated
give up easily, unprepared, belief in luck
contributors
coaches (style), past experiences, significant others, task difficulty
develop NACH
increase chances of success in training, goal setting, attribute success internally, imagery/vicarious learning, democratic coaching style, reinforcement
ACHIEVEMENT GOAL THEORY
competence is based upon how you perceive success
success defined as improvement or beating others
task goal orientated
improvement within the task
ego goal orientated
associated with perseverance, seeking challenges, increased effort, increased enjoyment
all about comparing and beating others
associated with cheating, drop out, decreased enjoyment, increased anxiety
how to increase TGO
motivational climate, increase challenges, cognitive dissonance, enjoyable session, remove competition element
perceives the environment as a chance to fail
perceives the environment as a chance to succeed
DRIVE THEORY
performance and arousal have a positive linear relationship
CUE HYPOTHESIS
CARRONS MODEL
- storming
- norming
- performing
new team, performance is jittery/non-cohesive
formation of cliques, less effort/sacrifice, poor communication, no problem solving
common goals/values are understood, multiple leaders, clear roles and responsibility, performance increases alongside decision making and confidence
actively problem solving, similar to norming but with the ability to overcome set backs
focuses on the factors that might influence cohesion
states that evironemntal, leadership, personal and team factors can influence cohesion
the effects of this will then influence the group and individual outcomes
goal denied
increased frustration
increased arousal
readiness for aggression
cue
aggression
situation specific confidence
vicarious learning
past experiences
verbal persuasion
emotional arousal