Types of Assessments -Group 3
Allison Quinley
Assessment for Learning
Assessment for learning involves teachers using evidence about students' knowledge, understanding and skills to inform their teaching. Sometimes referred to as ‘formative assessment', it usually occurs throughout the teaching and learning process to clarify student learning and understanding.
Assessment for learning:
reflects a view of learning in which assessment helps students learn better, rather than just achieve a better mark
involves formal and informal assessment activities as part of learning and to inform the planning of future learning
includes clear goals for the learning activity
provides effective feedback that motivates the learner and can lead to improvement
reflects a belief that all students can improve
encourages self-assessment and peer assessment as part of the regular classroom routines
involves teachers, students and parents reflecting on evidence
is inclusive of all learners.
it aims to "close the gap" between a learner’s current situation and where they want to be in their learning and achievement
Assessment as Learning
Assessment as learning occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment information for new learning.
Assessment as learning:
encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning
requires students to ask questions about their learning
involves teachers and students creating learning goals to encourage growth and development
provides ways for students to use formal and informal feedback and self-assessment to help them understand the next steps in learning
encourages peer assessment, self-assessment and reflection.
References
Approaches | NSW Education Standards. (n.d.). Education Standards NSW. Retrieved April 23, 2021, from https://www.educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/k-10/understanding-the-curriculum/assessment/approaches
Getting started with Assessment for Learning. (n.d.). Cambridge Community. Retrieved April 23, 2021, from https://www.cambridge-community.org.uk/professional-development/gswafl/index.html
Wiggins, G. (2018, December 23). 13 Concrete Examples Of Better Feedback For Learning. TeachThought. https://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/13-examples-of-better-feedback-for-learning/
Ladder of Feedback. (n.d.). Miss Francine’s Website 2020–2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021, from https://francinemassue.weebly.com/ladder-of-feedback.html
Examples of use
Why it's used
It's used for a variety of reasons the biggest being that it makes understand and knowledge more visible to the student. It helps students understand excellence and how they can work to reach that level.
AFL improves learner outcomes
AFL increases confidence
AFL increases independence
AFL changes the culture of the classroom
An AFL approach helps to create a supportive and cooperative classroom.This way students understand and know that it's ok to make mistakes and try new things without the worry of failing
Students develop the ability to assess themselves and become more active learners in the classroom
Teachers give students task-specific feedback that focuses on the work rather than ego-specific feedback that focuses on personal qualities of the learner. It encourages students to improve on their work in the classroom
Formative assessments that are effective enough have good outcomes for students on their summative assessments because students have a clear idea of what they need to do to reach that level of standard.
Questioning : Closed and Open
Closed questioning is usually short answer and open questioning need longer answers and students often have to provide an opinion
Feedback is the process in which students come together with their teachers to discuss where they are in their learning, where they want to be in their learning, and how they are going to get there.
types of feedback
Picture and Symbol Cues
Written Feedback
Highlighting
Post-it Comments
Clip Board Notes for Verbal Feedback
Three-Minute Conference
This website has loads of ways to provide feedback to students including all sorts of templates. Would definitely use this in my classroom
This website offers 13 different types of feedback by subject area AND by grade level. This gave me an idea for designing my own assessment for my social studies students!
Peer assessment or peer feedback
This is a way for students to assess each other work, but also take responsibility for their own learning.
Using the Ladder of Feedback students can Clarify, Value, State Concerns, and Suggest This website has a few examples of this Ladder of Feedback
Self Assessment Students evaluate their own work and what they think of their own learning. It helps them to understand what the teacher says relate it to previous learning and how they can use this for new learning that will take place.
Learning log or reflective journal
R.A.P.P.S. (n.d.). Actionable Feedback Strategies for the Classroom. Actionable Feedback Strategies for the Classroom. Retrieved April 23, 2021, from http://rapps.pbworks.com/f/MP+Handouts+Formative+Feedback+6-3-10.pdf
Earl, L. M. (2012). Assessment as Learning: Using Classroom Assessment to Maximize Student Learning (Second ed.). Corwin. https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=MlPGImQEh4MC&pg=PA29&dq=Assessment+as+Learning:+using+classroom+assessment+to+maximize+student+learning&lr=&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q=Assessment%20as%20Learning%3A%20using%20classroom%20assessment%20to%20maximize%20student%20learning&f=false
Assessment of Learning
Assessment of learning assists teachers in using evidence of student learning to assess achievement against outcomes and standards. Sometimes referred to as ‘summative assessment', it usually occurs at defined key points during a teaching work or at the end of a unit, term or semester, and may be used to rank or grade students. The effectiveness of assessment of learning for grading or ranking purposes depends on the validity, reliability and weighting placed on any one task. Its effectiveness as an opportunity for learning depends on the nature and quality of the feedback.
Do not include questions that were not covered in the classroom lessons. Assessments should be proportional to the time spent learning to what's on the test.
Students should be given ample time to prepare for these assessments and they should be planned in advanced.
Examples of Use
Presentations
Essays
Interviews
Projects such as PBLs
Portfolios
Standardised tests that demonstrate school accountability are used for
pupil admissions; SATs, PSATs, ACTs
End-of-unit or chapter tests.
Cumulative work over an extended period such as a final project or creative portfolio.
End-of-term or midterm exams.
Most people know this type of assessment as it has been a part of traditional education for a long time.
To indicate the student's level of learning. To provide foundations for advancement and or to report fair and accurate information that can help to decide a the next steps in a student's learning.
Why is it used?
It's typically done at the end of something, like a unit, grade, a final exam. It's a summative assessment.
For example, formal assessment provides an opportunity to collect evidence of student learning and may be used for grading and ranking purposes (assessment of learning) as well as informing feedback for students to improve their learning (assessment for learning).
the feedback to be provided to students.
the processes for gathering the evidence
the evidence of student learning to be gathered
The approach or approaches used will be informed by:
provides a transparent interpretation across all audiences.
provides evidence of achievement to the wider community, including parents, educators, the students themselves and outside groups
is used to plan future learning goals and pathways for students
Assessment of learning:
Happen more frequently and used in conjunction with Assessment for learning.
emphasizes student's metacognition
Examples of use
Formative assessments
and
Summative assessments
By Tiziano Kirchner
References:
File from April 21's cohort activity: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yTFIffYTC1mBzOh4Ko6IpsG67XZulmQUdvAxEi4mux8/edit
https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/types-of-assessment/
- https://teacherfuel.com/assessment/formative-vs-summative-assessment-whats-the-difference/
- https://teacherfuel.com/assessment/ten-formative-and-summative-assessment-examples-to-inspire-you/
- https://resourced.prometheanworld.com/types-of-summative-formative-assessment/
Image links:
Formative assessment
Summative assessment
WHAT it is
WHY
it is used
Examples:
It is a form of assessment that is typically done at the end of a learning module or topic, to evaluate the students' learning.
To assess learning of a unit or topic that has concluded
WHAT it is
It's a form of assessment that is typically quick and targeted. It can be done at any time of teaching (begginning, middle, end of the class)
WHY
it is used
To get immediate feedback on the students' learning
Examples
Quizzes
Online: Kahoot! and other tools
Raising right or left hand, lifting a "YES" or a "NO" card
Exit ticket
A quick question to answer before leaving the classroom.
Engagement feedback
Thumbs up-down, fist of five ("How did you like it? Put up a 1 if you didn't like it at all, 5 if you liked it very much.")
Performance
Represent a content or a learning point through a freeze frame (striking a pose), a little skit or similar
To assess ONGOING learning
Mid-term or end-of-term exams (they can be standardized tests, or designed by the teacher)
Evaluation of a portfolio
Oral or written test at the end of a unit
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Diagnostic Assesment
Performance Assesment
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What
Why
Examples
What
Why
Examples
Self Assessments
What aspect of your work do you think was most effective? Why? How so?
What aspect of your work do think was least effective? Why? How so?
What specific action(s) would improve your performance based on the feedback you received?
What advice would you offer to next year’s students to help their performance on this task?
What did you learn from working on this task — about the content, topic, process and/or yourself?
Stop Lights
Green: I get it! I can do this by myself and even explain to others.
Yellow: I need a little more help.
Red: I don’t get it, I need a lot of help
Selfie is short for:
Showed my work
Explained my answers
Lots of math vocabulary used
Found multiple solutions
I persevered through the problem
Eliminated careless errors
Exit-tickets
Christine Schlarbaum
- Low stakes
- Done BEFORE learning
- Focused on what students already know
- Specifically designed to illuminate areas of strength and areas of weakness
- To help inform instruction
- To ensure all students have the requisite background knowledge to begin a topic
- To place students in appropriate groups or classes
- To identify any gaps
- To demonstrate progress if you give the students the same assessment at the end of unit/ year
- Mind maps
- Know, Wonder, Learned charts
- Short quizzes
- Pre-test
- Writing prompt
- To clarify student misconceptions
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- A type of assessment that requires students to perform a task
- Students are asked to apply their knowledge to authentic problems
- “key feature is that it requires the student to produce something, such as a report, experiment, or performance, which is scored against specific criteria.” EdWeek
- Asseses student’s ability to actually use their knowledge as opposed to just showing that they have memorized the knowledge
- can be formative or summative
- Uses higher level of thinking according to Blooms Taxonomy
- Because students have to apply their knowledge, performance assessments can be considered a more valid indicator of student’s knowledge
- Would you rather have an eye surgeon who has read extensively on laser eye surgery or an eye surgeon whose education included actually doing the surgery?
In my mind this question illustrates why performance assessments are important.
- “Because we cannot learn to use our hands in new ways without using our hands in new ways” Ganz and Lin, 2011
- Can promote more student engagement because it is broader which encourages student creativity
- Better prepares students for “real world”
Performance Event
Performance Task
An event or assesment where students are given little preparation information and have a limited time to actively demonstrate their ability to apply and use their knowledge
A longer term project where students have weeks or even months or semesters to prepare a response that is usually comprised of smaller different tasks.
- Open ended prompts (oral or written)
- Design an experiment in response to a prompt
- Improv drama, singing or musical performance with no prior knowledge of the topic
- Coding project in response to an unseen problem
- Text analysis of an unfamiliar book or passage
- Conversation in a foreign language about an unknown topic
- Drama, singing or musical performance of a piece that is familiar and practiced
- Portfolios
- Presentations
- Speech
- Pretty much any of the examples from “Performance Events” but the students know the topic and are given time to prepare
References:
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- Ganz, Marshall and Emily Lin. 2011. Learning to Lead: Pedagogy of Practice. Handbook for teaching leadership: knowing, doing, and being, eds Scott Snook, Nitin Nohria, and Rakesh Khurana: 353-366. Los Angeles: SAGE
- ALN. (2017). Performance Assesment: What is it and why is it useful? https://www.michiganassessmentconsortium.org/wp-content/uploads/Oct2017_ALN-LearningPoint_Performance-Assessments-1.pdf
Archived: PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT. (1993). Https://Www2.Ed.Gov/Pubs/OR/ConsumerGuides/Perfasse.Html. https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/OR/ConsumerGuides/perfasse.html
ASCD. (2011). What is performance assesment? https://pdo.ascd.org/lmscourses/PD11OC108/media/Designing_Performance_Assessment_M2_Reading_Assessment.pdf
Diagnostic Assessment | Assessing and Monitoring Pupil Progress. (2011). Education Endowment Foundation | EEF. https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/tools/assessing-and-monitoring-pupil-progress/developing-whole-school-assessment/diagnostic-assessment/
F. (2019, April 13). 6 Types of Assessment of Learning. Classful. https://classful.com/6-types-of-assessment-of-learning/
Sherman, F. (2019, January 31). What Is a Diagnostic Assessment? Work - Chron.Com. https://work.chron.com/diagnostic-assessment-4165.html
The 6 Types of Assessment [+ How to Use Them]. (2020). Prodigy Education. https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/types-of-assessment/
The Editors. (2020, December 9). What Is Performance Assessment? Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-performance-assessment/2019/02