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human sexual reproductive system - Coggle Diagram
human sexual reproductive system
male
male sex glands
the male sex glands secrete a fluid containing nutrients and enzymes. The nutrients and enzymes provide the sperms with the energy to move.
penis
the penis is the male reproductive organ which becomes erect when sexually excited.
sperms are ejaculated through the penis during sexual intercourse.
sperm duct
is a muscular tube that carries sperms from the testis to the urethra.
sperm
sperm is the male reproductive cell.
has a long tail
the movement of the tail helps the sperm to swim towards the egg.
urethra
the urethra is a tube which leads to the outside of the body through the penis.
during sexual intercourse, sperms pass from the testes, into the sperm ducts and then to the urethra. the sperms will then pass out to the outside of the body through the urethra.
scrotum
each testis is found in the scrotum.
female
egg
the human egg ( ovum ) is the female reproductive cell.
ovary
the ovary produces eggs and female sex hormones.
one of the ovaries produces an egg every month.
fallopian tube ( oviduct )
the oviduct is a muscular tube connecting the ovary to the uterus.
uterus (womb)
the uterus is a pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls.
the inner surface of the uterus is covered with a layer called the uterine lining.
cervix
the cervix is a ring of muscle at he lower end of the uterus
vagina (birth canal)
the vagina is a muscular tube. it joins the cervix to the outside of the body.
sexual reproduction
involves the fusion of the male reproductive cell (sperm) with the female reproductive cell. this is called fertilisation.
sperms deposited in the vagina during sexual intercourse travel up the uterus to the oviduct
if an egg is present, fertilisation may take place
the fertilised egg divides repeatedly to form an embryo
the embryo moves into the uterus and is implanted on the uterine lining. the woman is now pregnant
fertilisation is the process where the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg.
for a woman to be pregnant, she must first have sexual intercourse
during sexual intercourse, the erect penis is inserted into the vagina.
the penis ejaculates semen (containing sperms) into the upper end of the vagina. the sperms will then swim into the uterus.
during pregnancy, the embryo develops into a foetus or an unborn baby
at the end of the pregnancy, the muscles of the uterus contract to push out the fully formed baby. the cervix enlarges to allow the baby to pass through. this is called birth.
heredity
a baby will grow up to look like his parents. this is because the sperm and the egg carry information that determines how the baby will look.
the nucleus of the sperm and egg contains genes. genes contain instructions that determines the basic characteristics of a person. genes are passed on to the new individual when the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg during fertilisation to form an fertilised egg.
heredity is a process by which characteristics are passed down genetically from one generation to the next.
when we inherit characteristics from out parents, these characteristics are known as heredity characteristics.
the children inherit different combinations of physical characteristics from their parents. hence, each child in a family has his or her own unique looks
when the children become adults, they will pass their pass their genes down to their own children when they reproduce. hence, genes are passed down from one generation to the next.
puberty
puberty is the period when an adolescent becomes capable of reproducing. this adolescent also experiences rapid growth and development during this period.
boys
facial hair starts to grow
voice-box enlarges and voice deppens
hair starts to grow on the armpits
the penis and testes increase in size
production of sperms begins and ejaculation occurs
hair grows on pubic region
girls
hair starts to grow on the armpits
breast and uterus enlarge, hips broaden
a monthly cycle involving menstruation and ovulation begins. this cycle is called the mensural cycle.
menstruation is the discharge of tissues of the uterus when an egg remains unfertilised
eggs are released as part of the mensural cycle
hair starts to grow on pubic region
premarital sex and abortion
premarital sex is the act of having sexual intercourse before a couple is married
even though couples may think having sex before marriage would strengthen their relationship, premarital sex often creates serious problems, this problems include
unwanted pregnancy: most of the time, an unmarried couple is not emotionally ready for a child. the couple may also not earn enough money to support a child. furthermore, many people in our society are unable to accept unwed mothers.
sexually transmitted infections: sexually transmitted infections affect the sexual reproductive system. if left untreated, sexually transmitted infections will disrupt the functions of parts of the reproductive system. this may cause a difficulty for a couple in trying to start a family.
abortion
abortions is the termination of a pregnancy. during an abortion, a doctor surgically removes the embryo or foetus from the uterus. abortion is usually carried out within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
abortions may cause fellings of guilt in the mother about ending the life of her child. this may lead to emotional problems such as depression later.
abortion may also affect the sexual reproductive system. a small number of woman suffer from health complications after abortion. parts of their sexual reproductive system may be infected or damaged. these complications lead to a disruption of the functions of their sexual reproductive system. these women may experience difficulty getting pregnant or may even be unable to get pregnant again.
reasons for abortions
the mother may be permanently harmed if the pregnancy continues.
the child may be born physically or mentally handicapped
the unwanted pregnancy resulted from rape
the life of the mother or/and foetus is/are in danger
the mother is physically and mentally incapable of supporting a child
the family is not financially stable to support a child
birth control methods
couples who are not ready to have a child need to use some form of birth control. birth control methods are used to prevent pregnancies
birth control works by preventing any of the following processes from happening in the reproductive organs - ovulation, fertilisation, or implantation of the embryo. this affects the function of the reproductive system. the birth control method may use natural, chemical, mechanical or surgical means to prevent these processes. the control methods may also be temporary or permanent.
condoms
worn over penis
IUD
put by a doctor
diaphragm
for girls
rhythm method
spermicide
sexually transmitted infections
an infection transmitted from one person to another through sexual intercourse
infections can be caused by virus or bacteria
to prevent STIs
avoid premarital sex or multiple sex partners
use condoms