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Cognitive Approach to Instructional
Design for Multimedia Learning, The…
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Declarative Knowledge
Is factual knowledge that can be reported or described, and its most basic
unit is a chunk, which can be hierarchical (chunks within increasingly complicated chunks)
Procedural Knowledge
Is dynamic and involves rules, or productions, that guide how thinking
occurs
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Self-Explanation
Anderson & Schunn (2000) believe that procedural skills are acquired by making references to
past problems and then practicing
Transfer
Transfer of knowledge is one of the main goals of learning and instruction. In practice, however,
transfer is not as clear-cut as it may first seem