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PHYSICAL INJURY & CONTROLS, FARAH SYAHIRAH BINTI MOHD (AW180046) -…
PHYSICAL INJURY & CONTROLS
Introduction
An injury that is diagnosed by a medical doctor
any one or a combination of :
Creates a reasonable risk of death.
Causes serious or permanent disfigurement.
Causes significant physical pain.
Causes serious impairment of health.
The result of sexual abuse.
Construction Work
Definition as per regulations:
Factories and Machinery Acts 1967 (FMA 1976)
(Building Operations and works of Engineering Construction) (Safety Regulations 1986)
Statutory requirements
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Order 1996
Factories and Machinery Act 1967
Factories and Machinery (Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulations 1986
Types of Accidents
Falling from height
Falling at same level
Hit by falling object
Buried under falling earth /structure
Electric shock
Drowning
Hit by vehicle
Inhalation of toxic chemicals
Contact with moving machinery
Crushed/stuck between objects
Electrical Work
Electrical
A form of energy that is efficient and simple.
Usages: Lighting, heating, energy use
Includes: circuit, conductor, main switch, local and distributing board, circuit breakers, fuse, socket and plug.
Hazards
Electric shock
Lighting
Electrostatic
Fire
Flow of Electricity
Direct contact :
Contact of persons with live parts of electrical materials (conductors or energized parts).
Indirect contact :
Contact of persons with conductive parts are accidentally powered as a result of an insulation failure.
Major types of electrical injuries
Electrocution
Electric shock
Burns
Falls through indirect contact
Principle of electrical safety
Main objective:
Protect people from electric shock, fire and effects of burns due to contact with electricity
Government Controls
Provision of Regulations and enforcement
Electricity Supply Act 1990
Electricity Supply Regulations 1994
SIRIM standards
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994)
OSHA Controls
Employers
Have safe system of work (SOP)
Provide training, information, and instruction.
Provide prevention measures and protection to workers and contractors
Manufacturers, suppliers and designers
Conduct testing and inspection to ensure user safety.
Workers
Comply to all rules and regulations issued by the employer.
Mechanical Work
Types of equipment
Lifts, dumbwaiters.
Escalators, travellators, walkalators.
Crane and hoists
Conveyors
Forklifts
Advantages
Simplifies work task
Reduces work time
Reduces worker ergonomic risks
Productivity
Disadvantages
Requires competent operators
Certain equipment require Certificate of Fitness
Equipment need regular maintenance
High initial costs
What makes mechanical equipment dangerous?
Forces and mechanical movement
Static force
Dynamic force
Pressure
Cutting forces
Torque
Vibration
Hazards
Tripping
Falling objects
Cutting / abrasion
Pinch points
Elevated work surfaces
Bump hazards
Noise
Slipping
Chemical Work
Regulations
FMA (Lead) 1984
FMA (Asbestos Process) 1986
FMA (Mineral Dust) 1989
Direct contact :
splashes of acid and alkali, etc.
Inhalation
Skin absorption
Ingestion
Control measures
Elimination of chemicals that is danger to health in workplace
Substituting the hazardous chemicals with less hazardous ones
Enclose the overall process and system
Work isolation
Modification of parameters
Adopting safe working procedures
Allocation of approved PPE (lab coats, safety glasses, gloves, footwear).
MSDS
A written description of a hazard related to a material.
Describes the risks, precautions, and remedies to exposure
Must be readily available to you.
Read the MSDS before working with a material.
Handling flammable liquids safety
Keep containers closed when not in use
Keep away from ignition sources
Avoid contact with incompatible materials
Transfer to approved containers only
Proper storage of flammable liquids
Store flammable liquids only in approved storage rooms and cabinets
Understand and follow all storage rules
Replace bung caps with drum vents after receiving containers
Ground all drums properly.
FARAH SYAHIRAH BINTI MOHD (AW180046)