Economics: Labor Markets and Minimum Wage
Minimum Wage
How can raising the minimum wage help increase economic mobility?
What are the cons of raising the minimum wage?
Living
Can you live off of making $7.25 an hour?
How is minimum wage determined?
Why is minimum wage different in other states?
Random
How does voluntary exchange work?
What is derived demand?
What is negative income tax?
What states are raising the minimum wage in 2021?
When can we expect Wisconsin to raise its minimum wage?
What impact does raising the minimum wage to $15 in Seattle, Washington have on the economy?
Source 1 In January 2021, legislators introduced the “Raise the Wage Act of 2021”, to increase the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15 an hour by 2025. If passed, it would be the first increase in more than a decade, the longest stretch since 1938.
Source 1 Raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour would improve the overall standard of living for minimum wage workers. These workers would more easily afford their monthly expenses, such as rent, car payments, and other household expenses.
Source 1 Although the federal minimum wage has remained the same since July 24, 2009, many state and local governments have already implemented a $15 minimum wage. For example, in 2014, Seattle required businesses to increase their minimum wage until it reaches $15 an hour. In 2021, the Seattle minimum wage is now $16.69 an hour. Nevertheless, such different viewpoints on this topic is bound to be debated intensely.
Source 1 Senator Bernie Sanders has also taken the position that the minimum wage needs to be $15, as he believes full-time workers should not fall below the poverty line.
Source 1 It has been argued that a second, less obvious, advantage to raising the minimum wage is not only will happy employees lead to a more productive workforce, but also could result in higher levels of customer satisfaction. Additionally, if employees are satisfied with their job and their pay, they are less likely to leave, which in turn reduces the employer’s hiring and training costs.
Source 1 Proponents argue that increasing the minimum wage to $15 also will benefit minority workers and women.
Source 1 A $15 minimum wage would give 31 percent of African Americans and 26 percent of Latinos a wage increase.
Source 1 Small businesses especially those of in a state with a low cost of living would be negatively affected by such a drastic increase in the minimum wage.
Source 1 Raising the minimum wage to $15 also would increase childcare costs in the United States.
Source 1 Another argument against the Raise the Wage of Act is the vastly different state economies, with drastically different costs of living. For example, to have the same minimum wage would be impractical in California and Oklahoma, as the average value of a home, according to Zillow.com, is $635,055 but only $143,173 in Oklahoma.
Source 15 Going to the mall, grocery store, or coffee shop, involves being involved in voluntary exchanges.
Source 2 It would lift millions of families out of poverty. More than a quarter of the workforce—40 million workers—would see a raise in wages.
Source 2 A vast majority of Americans (up to three quarters, including a majority across party lines) support raising the wage. In fact, over half the states have raised their minimum wages to restore basic fairness to the workforce.
Source 3 (32.1%) 909,000 workers in Wisconsin would benefit from increasing the minimum wage to $15 by 2024.
Source 3 Workers in Wisconsin who would benefit from increasing the minimum wage to $15: Women: 39.0%, Black and Latina Women 60.2%, Men 25.3%, and Black and Latino Men 51.4%.
Source 4 Raising the minimum wage strengthens workers' purchasing power and, in turn, provides a boost to the overall economy.
Source 5 The Congressional Budget Office projected that a minimum wage increase from $7.25 to $10.10 would result in a loss of 500,000 jobs.
Source 5 In a survey of 1,213 businesses and human resources professionals, 38% of employers who currently pay minimum wage said they would lay off some employees if the minimum wage was raised to $10.10. 54% said they would decrease hiring levels.
Source 6 A person working full time at the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour earns $15,080 in a year, which is 20% higher than the 2015 federal poverty level of $12,331 for a one-person household under 65 years of age but 8% below the 2015 federal poverty level of $16,337 for a single-parent family with a child under 18 years of age.
Source 5 A study from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland found that although low-income workers see wage increases when the minimum wage is raised, “their hours and employment decline, and the combined effect of these changes is a decline in earned income… minimum wages increase the proportion of families that are poor or near-poor.”
Source 5 As explained by George Reisman, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Economics at Pepperdine University, “The higher wages are, the higher costs of production are. The higher costs of production are, the higher prices are. The higher prices are, the smaller the quantities of goods and services demanded and the number of workers employed in producing them.”
Source 5 Thomas Grennes, MA, Professor Emeritus at North Carolina State University, and Andris Strazds, MSc, Lecturer at the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga (Latvia), stated: “the net effect of higher minimum wages would be unfavorable for impoverished households, even if there are no job losses. To the extent that some poor households also lose jobs, their net losses would be greater.”
Source 6 A minimum wage system is very complex and depends from country to country, sector to sector, political landscape, etc.
Source 6 Minimum wage needs to be enough to cover income tax, social security, value-added tax, occupation, age, geographical region, and other levies.
Source 6 The U.S. including China determine minimum wage by the different costs of living, economic development, and the labor market situation.
Source 6 The problem with determining minimum wage is that if it is too high it is hard to enforce and adjust to higher consumer prices. If it is too low the protection net of ensuring fairness is gone.
Source 6 There is not a specific number of the minimum wage of how much a person should have, earn, in order to live in a decent way.
Source 6 This is a policy that is often debated around elections.
Source 6 The minimum wage can also change because of inflation.
Source 6 Since 2010, countries with minimum wages have adjusted them every 3 years on average.
Source 6 Some argue that increasing the minimum wage can increase inflation because people will have more money available and therefore are more likely to spend it.
Source 7 A higher minimum wage leads to less reliance on government assistance such as food stamps.
Source 6 An increase to the minimum wage can result to smaller companies deciding to not want to pay more. Instead they will hire part-time going forward. Meaning these low-skilled jobs will essentially have less security for the workers, and they will potentially be earning less as well.
Source 7 Michael Strain, Director, Economic Policy Studies, American Enterprise Institute, argues that raising the minimum wage would not help fight poverty because a lot of poverty comes from people not having jobs.
Source 8 Half of the US states are set to raise their minimum wages this year.
Source 8 & 9 California: $14 per hour, Massachusetts: $13.50 per hour, Florida: $8.65 per hour.
Source 10 Wisconsin will not raise its minimum wage this year remaining at $7.25/hour.
Source 9 Out of 21 states Wisconsin is one of them whose minimum wage is $7.25/hour.
Source 9 According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 247,000 workers were paid only $7.25 per hour in 2020.
Source 9 With an increase in the cost of goods and living expenses, living on $7.25 per hour can be challenging. Some workers must work multiple jobs to be able to afford rent and pay their bills.
Source 11 Governor of Wisconsin, Tony Evers, wants to start raising the minimum wage every year.
Source 11 Tony Evers believes we cannot raise the minimum wage straight to $15/per but instead in small amounts over time.
Source 11 The latest Marquette University Law School poll shows 57% of WI residents support an increase in the minimum wage.
Source 11 Most Republican lawmakers do not support the increase. They argue the cost of raising the minimum wag will fall on consumers in the form of higher prices.
Source 11 UW Milwaukee Economics Professor, John Heywood says about 30% of those who receive the minimum wage are from above median income households. Meaning they are a secondary earner or a teenager.
Source 11 More than half of all minimum wage workers in Wisconsin fall between 16 and 24 years old.
Source 11 Governor Tony Evers plans to set a task force to look into this issue further and study ways to move towards $15/hour.
Source 12 Costco has raised its minimum U.S. wage to $17 an hour, and Starbucks will raise its starting pay to $15 an hour.
Source 13 A majority of people have to rely on a variety of government aid programs to get by.
Source 13 For single people with no dependents, the government claims the federal minimum wage is more than enough to survive and stay out of poverty.
Source 13 Nearly all minimum wage workers interviewed by news sources are financially dependent on friends or family members.
Source 13 Many workers say they have moved in with parents or other relatives because they can’t afford an apartment.
Source 13 Basically many minimum wage workers say they live paycheck to paycheck, always struggling just to pay that month’s bills. Some consistently work 50 hours or more per week, while others never know from day to day what their working hours will be.
Source 13 A single mother says she often has to choose between taking her kids to see a doctor and working to earn the money she needs to support them.
Source 13 Minimum wage jobs are often physically demanding as well. According to the BLS, 70% of workers making the federal minimum wage are in service jobs, especially food preparation and service.
Source 13 The theme that comes up most often in workers’ stories is going without not just luxuries, but necessities.
Source 13 Scarifies they have to make is walking to work in the rain and snow because they don’t have a bus fare, and going hungry because they can’t afford food.
Source 13 Some people believe that if workers can’t survive on minimum wage, it’s not because the wage is too low but because it is a result of their own personal or moral failings. They argue the workers either aren’t working hard enough or aren’t using their money wisely.
Source 13 However, based on many stories, it’s clear that many minimum wage workers are already working as hard as possible.
Source 13 A total of 29 states plus the District of Columbia now have minimum wages above the federal minimum. In addition, 18 states automatically raise their minimum wage each year to account for inflation. In those states, at least, workers in those states don’t have to worry about falling farther behind as the dollar falls in value.
Basically, a state minimum wage gets proposed and it either gets passed or not.
Source 14 Basically what is happening in Seattle, WA is everything I took notes on the cons of raising the minimum wage. Essentially, the employees have more money, but prices went up. Overall, there are different challenges.
Source 15 A voluntary exchange is a process where customers and merchants freely and without coercion engage in market transactions or exchanges. This is typically accomplished with the exchange of money for a good or service.
Source 15 As a result of this exchange, both the buyer and the seller are better off than they were before.
Source 16 A demand for a commodity, service, etc. which is a consequence of the demand for something else.
Source 17 A negative income tax (NIT) is a system which reverses the direction in which tax is paid for incomes below a certain level; in other words, earners above that level pay money to the state while earners below it receive money.
Source 1 Representative Robert Scott, chair of the House Committee on Education and Labor, stated, “Today, a full-time worker cannot afford a modest, two-bedroom apartment in any county in the U.S.”