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Fuels and Heats of reaction - Coggle Diagram
Fuels and Heats of reaction
Organic chemistry
is the study of the compounds of carbon.
Hydrocarbon
a compound that consists of carbon and hydrogen only.
Fossil fuels
fuels that were formed from the remains from plants and animals that have lived for over millions of years ago.
Saturated compound
a saturated hydrocarbon that contains all single carbon carbon bonds.
Van der waals forces
weak attractive forces.
Homologous series
a series of compound with similar chemical properties. its elements have a general formula which is Cn H2n+2. each member have a similar method of preparation and each member differing from the previous one by a CH2 unit.
Structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
Homolog
is what we call a member of the homologous series. e.g methane.
Unsaturated compound
a hydrocarbon compound that contains at least one double carbon carbon bond.
Aliphatic compound
an organic compound that consists of chains of carbon atoms.
Aromatic compound
a compound that contains a benzene ring structure in its molecules.
Benzene
a highly toxic and carcinogenic material.
Octane number
of a fuel is a measure of the tendency of the fuel to resist knocking.
Knocking
is the early stage of explosion of petrol/air mixtures.
Isomerisation
involves in the breaking of straight chain alkanes into their isomers.
Catalytic cracking
is the breaking down of long chain hydrocarbon molecules by the action of heat and catalysts to form short chain molecules which is in greater demand and the production of important building block chemicals like ethene, which used in the production of polyethylene.
Dehydrocyclisation
involves the use of catalysts to form ring compounds.
Heat of reaction
is the heat change when the numbers of moles of the substance are indicated in the balance equation
Heat of combustion
of a substance is the heat change when one mole of the substance in completely burned in excess oxygen.
Heat of neutralisation
is the heat change when one mole H+ ions from a base reacts with one mole OH- ions from an acid.
Heat of formation
of a compound is the heat change that takes place when one mole of a compound in its saturated state is formed from its elements saturated states.
Kilogram calorific value
of a fuel is heat produced when 1 KG of the fuel is completely burned in oxygen.
Bond energy
is the average energy required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond and to separates the neutral atoms completely from each other.
Law of conservation of energy
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form of energy into another.