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SS Issue 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Eg. Building the Thomson-East Coast MRT line to provide transport benefits to ppl, the govt has to give up using those plots of land for other purposes like housing
  - - - Govts must consider the LT needs of the country and plan accordingly
        
        Eg. Govt wanted to demolish Pearls Centre and build the Thomson-East Coast Line. Even though shop owners and residents near there were unhappy with this decision as their livelihoods and homes would be affected, the govt still stuck with this decision as it would benefit Singaporeans in the long run by enhancing the transportation network in allowing easier access to the Central Business District (CBD)
      - This means taking unpopular but necessary policies rather than populist policies that may benefit the population in the ST at the expense at the LT prosperity
    - - Meritocracy: a system that distributes opportunities to enable future success and rewarding ppl according to their efforts and talents rather than other factors like race/religion
        
        Eg. Students who perform well in their studies and CCAs are rewarded with the Edusave Scholarship and Merit Bursary scholarships. These scholarships are awarded to the top 10 and top 25 per cent of school students respectively.
      - However, this may result in some groups of ppl benefitting more than others and successful families are able to give a good headstart to their children VS children from disadvantaged families
      - Compassionate meritocracy is encouraged in SG whereby privileged ppl contribute to ensure that the less privileged can succeed too
      - There is a move towards re-defining meritocracy in SG beyond academics but it shld be more widely defined and beyond school years
    - - Leaders must be honest and capable, and have the moral courage to do what is right for the interests of the country
      - Leaders must have moral integrity and be incorruptible to genuinely serve the needs of the ppl and the country.
        
        Eg. Head of Civil Service, Mr Peter Ong said in 2015 that as Public Service leaders, they have to recognise the importance of ppl and relationships, then invest the time and effort to build closer working relationships, bring ppl tgt and forge common perspectives
    - - Citizens develop a sense of belonging when they have a say in the decision-making process
        
        Eg. The Public Housing Scheme (PHS) enables Singaporeans to own their homes through housing grants => contributing to citizens having a greater sense of belonging in SG
        
        Eg. Our Singapore Conversation is a platform where Singaporeans can share their views, hopes and dreams about Singapore. The OSC took place over one year and involved more than 47,000 Singaporeans from all walks of life.
  - - - Judiciary - State Courts ensure that the govt follows the Constitution and the laws of the land + ensures that ppl follow the laws and imposes judgement on those who break the law
    - - Executive - Cabinet prepares govt policies and oversees day to day administration of the country
      - Legislative - Parliament and its functions are to debate and pass laws, ensure that the govt spends the nation's finances prudently + to serve as Committee of Supply to scrutinise each Ministry's budgets and expenditure
- - - - Eg. Parents with school-going children demanding more quality education VS senior citizens demanding more quality healthcare
        
        Eg. Citizens of a country may agree it is impt for the country to provide affordable healthcare, good education and a clean environment VS ppl who disagree on which area the govt shld prioritise
  - - - Eg. Construction of MRT lines may bring about benefits to all, but residents near MRT stations have to bear the inconveniences of construction and road diversions
        
        People generally want benefits without the inconveniences associated with the improvements => aka Not In My Back Yard syndrome (NIMBY) which is especially difficult to avoid in SG [SG has limited land and such facilities may be built near where ppl live]
  - - - There will be needs and interests that would be rejected for the benefit of the common good => possibly lead to conflicts and disagreements due to differing needs
        
        Eg. Those without their own mode of transport wants an efficient transportation system VS those with their own mode of transport wants an efficient road network
        
        Given limited resources and infinite demands, the govt needs to decide on how best to use the resources for the greater good of society
- - - - X legal status => a person would not have rights of a citizen and would not want to integrate into society
  - - - X a sense of common identity => no pride in being a citizen and hence no active involvement to want to participate in the affairs of the country
        
        Legal status, common identity and public participation are important and interconnected in shaping citizenship
  - - - X active contribution => citizens have little avenue to interact and bond with their fellow citizens as participation also helps to build a common identity
- - - - The govt needs to ensure that its citizens are able to access and afford the essential needs for their well-being
        
        Eg. Govt ensures that goods are readily available and services for the ppl are high quality (supermarkets readily available island-wide) + Govt also provides subsidies for those who cannot afford essential goods and services
    - - Internal Order
        
        Eg. Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) takes on the role of maintaining internal order and security
        
        Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) provides fire-fighting, rescue and emergency medical services
        
        Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) protects SG's borders by preventing undesirable ppl and goods from entering SG + regulates immigration and takes enforcement actions against immigration offenders
        
        Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB) ensures a drug-free SG by enforcing laws to prevent and stop drug-related activities.
        
        Singapore Police Force (SPF) protects ppl from from crime and criminal harm, including terrorism and public disorder
      - External Security
        
        Eg. Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) oversees the defence of the country
        
        Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is managed by MINDEF to deter aggression and protect the country's sovereignty if deterrence falls
        
        MFA formulates and implements policies that protect and advance SG's national interests + establishes good bilateral and multilateral relations with other countries + provides consular assistance to Singaporeans overseas
    - - Through the Judiciary, laws are applied correctly and independently to ensure that ppl have confidence that the law will be applied fairly to all
        
        Eg. Family Justice Courts provide guidelines on what is defined as family violence, who can apply for a Personal Protection Order (PPO), how to apply as well as the actions that can be taken by the courts => having a PPO gives the victim protection by preventing the perpetrator from entering their house => reducing family violence
    - - Govt defines the rights of employers and employees so that the employees are not abused by their employers
        
        Eg. Govt introduced the WorkRight Initiative to help both employees and employers understand their rights and responsibilities respectively + intended to create awareness of employment rights amongst low-wage workers and better ensure retirement security for this grp of workers
  - - - Individuals
        
        Individuals can contribute through volunteering time, effort and money towards causes they believe in to promote the well-being of society
        
        Contributions can have immediate results because others in society can directly benefit from their actions and others can be motivated by them to contribute as well
        
        Eg. Ms Elisa Ng started "A Litter at A Time" programme in 2013 to encourage citizens to go the extra mile and pick up a piece of litter every day
      - Organised Groups
        
        Eg. Informal Grp: Mr Jeremy Chua in 2013 started an initiative with others to request for mask donations to help ensure that ppl in SG are healthy during the haze
        
        Eg. Formal Grp: Mercy Relief is established to respond to human tragedies in Asia and it serves to help the less fortunate and needy regardless of country, culture or creed
    - - Organised Groups
        
        Feedback from organised groups is also crucial in govt decision-making process
        
        Eg. In 2011, two NGOs were concerned about the welfare of domestic workers in SG and they suggested that all domestic workers shld be given a day off every week + it was accepted and implemented in SG
        
        Eg. Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (MINDS) is a VWO that looks after the needs of the intellectually disabled in SG + helps provide them with better education and enables the intellectually disabled to become contributing citizens
      - Individuals
        
        Feedback from individuals is crucial in govt decision-making process
        
        Eg. In 2012, Our Singapore Conversation (OSC) was initiated on a national level to get citizens to share their views on issues relating to SG + it lasted more than 1 year and took place face-to-face as well as on social media
        
        Eg. It enabled the govt to understand better what Singaporeans wanted and allowed Singaporeans to understand what each other's hopes and aspirations were => feedback from OSC being incorporated into the govt's future plans for SG
    - - Involving citizens in determining their own future will result in them developing a stronger sense of attachment to SG
      - A citizen's sense of belonging can be affected if he/she feels that the government is not listening to public feedback
        
        Eg. Govt utilises a wide range of social media platforms like Facebook to enable citizens to provide their feedback
        
        Has its own portal REACH (Reaching Everyone for Active Citizenry @ Home) to enable citizens to share their views anytime + provide feedback directly to the different govt agencies as well