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SEPARATION OF MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram
SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
USING PARTICLE SIZE DIFFERENCES
BY PICKING UP
:star: If the sizes of the pepper pieces are big enough, they can be picked up using forceps.
:star: The procedure is the same as picking up the stones out of the rice.
BY SIEVING
:star: A mixture composed of finer and coarser parts like table salt and red pepper may be separated by using a sieve.
:star: Sieving is probably the oldest and widely used method for solid-solid separation.
BY FILTRATION
:star: Some of the solids do not dissolve in water or other solvents. They disperse throughout the liquid and form heterogeneous mixtures.
:star: This kind of mixtures can be separated by filtration.
:star: Consider a heterogeneous mixture of water and powdered chalk.
BY DIALYSIS
:star: Dialysis works on the principles of the diffusion and osmosis of particles across a semi-permeable membrane.
:star: Dialysis may be used for the separation of small solute molecules or ions from macromolecules under their differing rates of diffusion.
BY ELECTRIFICATION
:star: Some substances may easily be attracted to electrified objects.
:star: Red pepper is such a substance. This property can be used to separate red pepper from the mixture.
BY A MAGNET
:star: Iron, cobalt and nickel are magnetic elements.
:star: Magnets are used to separate these metals from mixture.
BY USING DENSITY DIFFERENCES
BY FLOATATION
:star: Flotation is a process of separating mixtures that involve separating
substances by whether they sink or float.
:star: The flotation process is also widely used in industrial wastewater treatment plants, where it is applied to remove fats, oil, grease, and suspended solids from wastewater.
BY PRECIPITATION
:star: When two solutions are mixed, they react with each other and can form
water-insoluble solid.
:star: This phenomenon is called “precipitation” and the resulting solid is “precipitate”.
BY SEPARATORY FUNNEL
:star: A mixture of two liquids which do not dissolve in each other and have different densities can also be separated by help of these properties.
BY CHUCK AWAY
:star: The solids with different densities can be separated without using a liquid.
:star: If the mixture is thrown into the air, the lighter one goes far away.
BY DECANTATION
:star: The act of pouring off a clear liquid gently from its sediment, or from one vessel into another is called decantation.
:star: It is a very quick method for separating a heterogeneous mixture of liquid and a heavier solid.
BY USING SOLUBILITY DIFFERENCE
BY CRYSTALLIZATION
:star: You can separate many solids contained in saturated solutions by leaving them to form crystals.
EX: Crystallization sugar in water.
BY FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION
:star: If both solids forming the mixture are soluble in the same solvent. In such a case, the separation method uses the change in their solubilities with temperature.
:star: In this method, the solution is filtered at different temperatures by lowering the temperature of the solution.
EX: Crystallization of KNO3 and CuSO4
BY EXTRACTION
:star: Extraction is used for the separation of substances from mixtures that occur in nature, for the isolation of dissolved substances from solutions, and the removal of soluble impurities
from mixtures.
EX: Brewing of tea
BY USING BOILING POINT DIFFERENCE
BY SIMPLE DISTILLATION
:star: Soluble solid is separated from the liquid by using boiling point difference.
BY FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
:star: This is the technique used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points.
EX: petroleum refining ,water, and ethanol
The boiling point for water is 100 0C while for ethanol it is 78°C.
SOURCES:
:check: Chemistry Lecture Notes
:check:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_process
