U1: C4- Dutch Indonesia
Why intervene and colonise Indonesia?
Economic
Social
Political
White Men's Burden
Need for raw materials and cash crops
Build an empire and SOI
Create an environment for investments
What are some policies Dutch implemented?
Culture Policy (1830-1870)
Forced Javanese to plant cash crops and sell them to the Dutch
Caused much suffering for Javanese peasants, like famine
Liberal Policy (1870-1901)
Open up private enterprises
Forced cultivation abolished
Agrarian Law (1870)
Sugar Law (1870)
Ethical Policy (1901-1929)
Helped improve education, irrigation, immigration
People's council created to give locals say in how country should be governed
How did the locals react to Dutch rule?
Padri War (1821-1838)
Java War (1825-1830)
Aceh War (1873-1904)
Balinese Revolts (1906-1912)
Impacts of Dutch rule in Indonesia
Economic
Social
Political
Transfer of power from traditional rulers to Dutch
Centralised administration
Segregation of religious and secular leadership
Local leaders' participation in Western-style politics
Increase in investments
Creation of new industries and plantations
Introduction of modern farming practices
Vulnerable to external economic changes
Creation of smallholdings
Creation of dual economy
Land alienation
Changes in Indonesians' livelihood
Creation of plural society
Creation of western educated elites
Urbanisation
Common language
Deterioration of living standards