Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Management by Objectives - Coggle Diagram
Management by Objectives
Unit 1. With the End in Mind
The concept of objective
Management by objectives or management by results is a theory that was born in the 1950s.
One of its top representatives was Peter Drucker.
With this theory, the objectives began to be considered the most important thing when managing: The objectives are the most important and not the means to achieve them.
An objective is something to achieve or achieve.
The concept of medium
A means is an activity that is done to achieve a goal.
The concept of administration by objectives, and the advantages of its application.
Before the APO (as it is commonly called), organizations focused on the media.
The APO encourages managers to manage with a focus on goals. But neither should we completely forget about the media. You have to create a balance between objectives and means.
The objective and the means
An objective is something to achieve or achieve. A means is an activity that is done to achieve a goal.
Unit 2. Know Well What You Want
The importance of correct goal setting
Anything we want to achieve or obtain is a goal.
In a school you also have goals. The people who work there have different goals. Someone is in charge of establishing or selecting certain objectives to be met by certain groups, and that is where the school begins to serve a purpose.
Correct setting of objectives
They are created because there is a need, there is something that you want to achieve, there is a goal to achieve.
Practical requirements to be met by a useful objective
For objectives to be useful, they must meet some practical requirements in their design:
Motivators for those who must carry them out.
Flexible If there are major changes in the environment.
Be justified. The reason why they are like this must be understood. (for example, that matches the organization's policy and the goals of your superiors).
Consistent with the organization's resources
Consistent with the philosophy and strategy of the organization
The degree of involvement of each one must be known to obtain it.
Realistic and achievable.
Motivators for those who must carry them out (not very easy or very difficult).
Flexible If there are important changes in the environment (which can affect the plan), they must be able to adapt, in their proper measure.
The main characteristics of an ideal lens
An ideal goal should clearly reflect:
Who is responsible for its compliance.
What to do (get), when and how.
Reflect exactly what the expected result is.
Establish it in a quantified and numerical way or with a very clear and precise scale.
Establish the formula or measurement mechanism to evaluate the degree of achievement of the objective. Especially if you are going to have some kind of evaluation or remuneration associated with it.
Unit 3. Heading North
Organize a project based on objectives
Make a list of everything you can do and choose what you need to do.
Each of those things is a task. If in the end, you have done all the tasks well, then you will have achieved the goal.
Basic techniques for distributing tasks in a specific group
Tasks:
To achieve a goal there are many things that can be done and tasks are things that you have decided you have to do. Those are your tasks to achieve your goal of getting to work. In the same way it has to behave with respect to any other objective.
The importance of group work
Each member must be in charge of certain tasks in particular.
Take the to-do list and distribute them.
Everyone will have their tasks and will be responsible for them.
The coordinator or manager will have to monitor the status of each task.
A very important point for the APO is the participation of the members of an organization.
People prefer to do something that they themselves have decided or in whose decision they have participated, rather than do things imposed.
Basic techniques for distributing resources in a specific group
To carry out each task and to achieve all the proposed objectives, you need resources.
The resources to be assigned can be grouped as follows:
Time: when each task has to be ready.
Money: how much money is available for each task. It can be zero (0).
Physical Resources: what equipment and materials are available for each task.
Unit 4. Guaranteeing the Objective Specific Objectives
The concept of control
Control is to verify that things are as they should be or how we want them to be.
Define standards to achieve when achieving an objective
The control is based on comparing “what is real” with “what is expected”.
So you have to define in advance what is "desired".
In fact, if you have defined your objectives well, this point may be completely covered.
A well-defined goal is a description of "what is desired."
In the very exercise of teaching, "what is desired" are the objectives of each program.
We must, as educators, concentrate on achieving the objectives, and not on the means to do so.
Compare the results of an organization against those expected, during a given period of time
If we have well defined "what is desired" and we have already begun to achieve "what is real", now we have to compare them.
Compare the actual results (the ones that are actually occurring) with the results you wanted to have.
Is there a difference? Is the reality better than expected, or is it worse? Answer these questions, they are very important.
The comparison should not only be made at the end of the task or project, but throughout its development.
Take action based on the results
We control to take action and to guarantee the objective.
If things are going better than expected, you have to take action: maybe improve the objective or try to improve the reality even more.
Guaranteeing the objective involves correcting any flaws that prevent us from achieving it.
The importance of control: if we become aware of any problem, we correct it and guarantee that we will achieve the goal and thus, in the end, we will have achieved “what we want”.