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murmurs, systolic, Diastolic, s1; closing of the mitral valve, heart…
murmurs
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ejection systolic murmur
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Aortic Stenosis; audible crescendo-decrescendo can radiate to the carotids as these vessels branch off the aorta
SAD; syncope, angina, dyspnoea
causes; due to aging valves become calcified or might have a congenital defect e.g bicuspid aortic valve
heard loudest on expiration around the aorta, loudest when leaning forward
narrow pulse pressure, splitting s2 sound, slow-rising pressure
increased semilunar blood; anaemia, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism
Pansystolic murmur
tricuspid regurgitation
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causes; infective endocarditis, using IV drug use
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Mitral regurgitation; closing of the mitral valve giving 21 as well asaortic valve. As pressure build in the left ventricle, mitral leaflets props open and blood enters artia, during ejection blood flows out aorta. Chronically the atria dilates and becomes compliant meaning able to withstand higher pressures. intensity doesn't change
Heard loudest on expiration, high-pitched sound so listen with diahragm, sound radiates to the axilla
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causes; Rheumatic fever, ischaemia heart disease, calcification
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pathophysiology; turbulent blood flow due to valvular abnormalities e.g stenosis , leakage leading to regurgitation. RILE, Right sided murmurs head the loudest on inspiration (tricuspid and pulmonary) Left sided murmurs heard best on expiration (mitral and Aorta)
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systolic
Lside
Aortic stenosis; S1, audible ejection click due to aortic leaflets opening up and stopping quickly and shooting open. Ventricles will relax
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s1; closing of the mitral valve, heart contracts and pressure builds up as the chamber fills up. The leaflet will pop open the leaflet