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Urban Futures - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The movement of people from countryside to cities
      - Push factors
        
        Natural disasters
        
        e.g. Earthquakes and Tornados, can damage property and farmland, which people can't afford to repair
        
        Mechanisation
        
        Mechanisation of agricultural equipment - farms require fewer workers so there are fewer jobs
        
        Drought
        
        Can make land unproductive
        
        People can no longer support themselves
        
        Conflict/war
        
        People flee their homes
        
        Political problems+Prosecution
      - Pull factors
        
        More jobs, better paid
        
        Therefore, People want to shift to the urban area for a better quality of life
        
        Health care and education
        
        Better Healthcare attracts many individuals and therefore people want to shift
        
        Join family members who have already moved
        
        For better wages perhaps
        
        Quality of life
    - - Birth rate is higher than death rate
        
        Birth rate is higher in cities
        
        Normally young people that move to urban areas to find work - they have children in the cities, increasing the population
        
        Better healthcare can be found in cities than in rural areas
        
        People in urban areas live longer
        
        This reduces the death rate and increase the proportion of people in urban areas
      - When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
        
        This is a negative for LIDCs because it causes overpopulation
  - - - T
        
        High levels of unemployment because jobs are not spread evenly between the urban and rural areas
    - - If cities grow rapidly, waste disposal services, sewage systems and environmental regulations for factories, cant keep pace with growth
        
        Rubbish isn't often collected
        
        May end up in big rubbish heaps
        
        Sewage and toxic chemicals can get into rivers, harming wildlife
        
        The road system may not be able to cope with all the vehicles
        
        Congestion causes increased greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution
      - Increased environmental problems because of secondary sector factories and therefore quite egregious for the local ecosystem and the overall environment
    - - These aren't enough houses for everyone
        
        Squatter settlements, badly built and overcrowded[Marginal Land]
      - Infrastructure can't be built fast enough
        
        People often don't have basic access to basic services, e.g. clean water, proper sewers, electricity, can cause poor health
      - High levels of crime