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Child Protection (i) - Coggle Diagram
Child Protection (i)
Intro
abuse decreases likelihood that child will reach full potential - but some are v resilient
criminal offence now - Rights of the Child
social workers, teachers, police, HCWs must recognise child abuse + respond appropriately
can occur in home, institution, community
usually abused by someone known to them, rarely a stranger
usually adults, sometimes another child
death from abuse rare, permanent injury more common
Types of abuse
Physical
hitting
shaking
throwing
poisoning
burning/scalding
drowning
suffocating
presentation
bruising
age of bruise can't be accurately estimated
hard to see on dark skin
could be a Mongolian spot
consider coag disorders
Emotional
severe + persistent adverse effects on child's emotional development
telling child they're unloved, worthless, inadequate
developmentally inappropriate expectations
seeing/hearing ill tx of another
bullying, exploitation, corruption
may occur alone or with another form of abuse
hard to identify
clues
"wrong gender"
born @ time of parental separation/violence
delayed development
non-demanding, apathetic
child can be violent, fearful, wetting/soiling, anti-social, self-harming, depressed, aggressive, oppositional, delinquent
school non-attendance
Sexual
forcing/enticing child to take part in sexual activities
physical contact
penetration
looking @ or producing porn
making them watch sexual activities
encouraging them to behave in a sexually inappropriate way
presentation
STIs with no clear explanation
vaginal bleeding/itching/discharge
PR bleeding
soiling
secondary enuresis
self-harm
aggressive/sexual behaviour
regression
poor school performance
often no marks
touching or kissing doesn't involve force
genital area heals v quickly
UTI
forensics
evidence decays v quick
swabs from child, clothing, bedding - may reveal DNA of abuser's sperm
Neglect
failing to act to prevent harm
persistent failure to meet child's basic physical/psych needs
food, clothes, shelter, supervision, medical care
signs
missed appointments
lack of medical/dental care, glasses, vaccines
hungry
dirty
wearing inadequate clothing in cold weather
is abusing alcohol/drugs
says there's no one @ home
parent appears indifferent, apathetic, depressed, irrational, bizarre, abusing alcohol/drugs
Fabricated/induced illness
over 80% done by mother
verbal fabrication - telling a false story to HCPs
induction of illness
suffocation
giving poisons, noxious substances, excess of an ordinary substance
can do urine/blood tox
excess/unnecessary med use
difficult to identify
may manifest as overprotection, unwarranted restrictions, giving inappropriate/excess tx
clues
child has many unexplained illnesses
multiple hosp admissions
sx only occur in carer's presence + not substantiated by clinical findings
can results in unnecessary investigations + harmful tx
Risk factors
Child
failure to meet parental expectations
disabled (can make it harder to detect)
wrong gender
result of forced, coercive or commercial sex
Parent/carer
mental health problems
indifference, intolerance, over anxious
alcohol/drug abuse
Family
step-parents
domestic violence
multiple/closely spaced births
social isolation - lack of support
young parental age
Environment
poverty
poor housing
bad neighbourhood
High profile cases
can make Drs frightened + oversuspicious - risk of false accusations
lead to improved guidelines + procedures
lead to better child protection training