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Malabsorption - Coggle Diagram
Malabsorption
Causes
Cholestatic liver disease / biliary atresia
bile salts can't enter duodenum - fat + fat soluble malabsorption
Short bowel syndrome
nutrient, water + electrolyte malabsorption
Loss of terminal ileum
resection
Crohns
absent bile acid + vit B12 absorption
Exocrine pancreas dysfunction
e.g. CF
absent lipase, proteases, amylase
Pan-nutrient malabsorption: defective digestions of TGs, protein+ starch
SI mucosal disease
loss of SA e.g. coeliac
enzyme defect e.g. lactase deficiency post gastroenteritis common in blacks + orientals
specific transport defects
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
glucose-galactose malabsorption (severe life threatening diarrhoea a/w 1st milk feed)
lymphatic leakage/obstruction
e.g. Intestinal lymphangiectasia (rare disorder, lymph vessels supplying the lining of SI blocked, resulting in malabsorption)
chylomicrons can't reach circulation (aka ultra low-density lipoproteins, carry TGs, phospholipids, chol, proteins)
Presentation
abnormal stools
difficult to flush
odour pervades whole house
colour doesn't tell us much
FTT / poor growth in most
reliable dietetic assessment NB (could just be low intake)
nutrient deficiencies
combo
single
e.g. Zinc malabsorption in Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
rare genetic AR disorder
periorificial dermatitis (rash around mouth + anus), alopecia, diarrhoea
caused by mutations in gene that encodes a membrane protein that binds zinc
pan-malabsorption