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Patterns of Evolution - Coggle Diagram
Patterns of Evolution
Speciation
When evolution creates a new species from a pre-existing species. Two types: Allopatric Speciation and Parapatric Speciation
Example: Galapagos finches, different species of these birds live on different islands in the Galápagos archipelago
Gradualism
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Example: Small evolutions in wolves occur over time, including getting larger ears, longer teeth, and a better sense of smell. Because these traits let them survive better than others, over time these improved traits start to become something normal.
Punctuated Equilibrium
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Example: A cheetah species has no spots, but then suddenly a new cheetah cub is born with spots. Because this helps cheetahs hide and survive better, more cheetah cubs are born with spots.
Extinction
When a species completely dies off, meaning no individual of this species is alive, it can happen at a slow rate, or suddenly due to a disaster or event that affects the environment
Examples: Sabre-toothed cat, Woolly Mammoth, and Dinasours
Divergent Evolution
It is when a number of different species arise from one common ancestor. Different environmental conditions can cause this to happen
Example: Gulls. The genus is Ichthyaetus. Within the genus, different species are developed such as Ichthyaetus relictus and Ichthyaetus hemprichii
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Convergent Evolution
When species that are unrelated evolve similar characteristics due to the fact that they live in similar environments
Example: Shark and Dolphins are very similar animals, and in the water can be mistaken for each other, however they are completely unrelated to each other.