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Network Layer - Coggle Diagram
Network Layer
Network Layer Protocols
Common Network Layer Protocols
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
Legacy Network Layer Protocols
Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)
AppleTalk
Connectionless Network Service (CLNS/DECNet)
Limitations of IPv4
Internet routing table expansion
Lack of end-to-end connectivity
IP Address depletion
Introducing IPv6
Increased address space
Improved packet handling
Eliminates the need for NAT
Integrated security
4 billion IPv4 addresses-4,000,000,000
340 undecillion IPv6 addresses-340,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Router Memory
ROM: Non-volatile
Basic Diagnostic Software
Limited IOS
Bootup instructions
NVRAM: Non-volatile
Startup Configuration File
RAM:Volatile
Running configuration file
IP routing and ARP tables
Running IOS
Packet Buffer
Flash: Non-volatile
IOS
Other System Files
Router Bootup Process
ROM
POST
perform post
Bootstrap
Load bootstrap
Perform the POST and load the bootstrap program
Flash
Cisco internetwork
Locate and load operating system
Locate and load the Cisco IOS Software
TFTP server
Operating sistem
NVRAM,TFTP Server,Console
Configuration
Locate and load configuration file or enter"setup"mode
Network Layer in Communication
End to End Transport processes
Encapsulation
Routing
Addressing end devices
De-encapsulating
Characteristics of the IP protocol
Characteristics of IP
Best effort(unreliable)-no overhead is used to guarantee packet delivery
Media independent-operates indenpendently of the medium carrying the data
Connectionless-no connection is established before sending data packets
IPv4 Packet Header
Version, Differentiated Services (DS), Time-to-Live (TTL),Protocol, Source IP Address, Destination IP Address
IPv4 Header Fields
Internet Header Length (IHL), Total Length, Header Checksum, Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset
Default Gateway
The local table of the host typically contains:
Local network route
Local default route
Direct connection