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Gastroenteritis (i) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - esp under 6mo
      - esp low birthweight
      - high SA:weight ratio - greater insensible water loss (i.e. through resp system, skin, water in excreted stool)
      - higher basal fluid requirements
      - immature renal tubular reabsorption
      - unable to obtain fluids for themselves when they're thirty
  - - - most instances
      - na + h2o loss proportional
    - - if child drinks large amounts of water/other hypotonic solutions
      - greater Na loss than h2o - fall in plasma Na conc
      - shift of water from extra to intra cellular
        
        increased brain vol, may lead to convulsions
        
        greater degree of shock
      - common in poorly nourished infants in developing countries
    - - infrequent
      - water loss exceeds Na loss - plasma Na conc increases
      - usually due to high insensible H2O loss - fever, hot dry environment, or from profuse low Na diarrhoea
      - H2O shifts into extracellular space
        
        dehydration less easy to detect clinically, esp if obese
        
        cerebral shrinkage
        
        jittery movements
        
        hypertonia
        
        hyperreflexia
        
        altered consciousness
        
        seizures
        
        multiple small cerebral haemorrhages
        
        transient hyperglyc occurs sometimes - self-correcting, doesn't need insulin