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Pathogens, diseases & transmission of diseases 4.1.1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - pathogen - Mycosphaerella fijiensis
      - characteristics - causes leaf spots on banana plants, reduces yield
    - - pathogen - Trichophyton rubrum
      - characteristics - growth under the skin of feet espec between toes
    - - pathogen - Trichophyton verrucosum
      - characteristics - growth of fungus in skin with spore cases erupting through skin to cause a rash
- - - - pathogen - Mycobacterium tuberculosis & M. bovis
      - characteristics - many body parts affected, mainly lungs, cells & tissues are damaged creating cavities called tubercules
    - - pathogen - Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae
      - characteristics - infection of the meninges (membranes surrounding the brain & spinal cord), they swell & damage the brain & nerves
    - - Pathogen - clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepe doniscus
      - Ring of decay in vascular tissue of potato/tomato
      - Leads to discolouration of plant & lak wilting - to treat clean machinery
- - - - characteristics - attacks cells in the immune system leaving it compromised
      - pathogen - Human immunodeficiency virus
    - - pathogen - Family of Orthomyxoviridae ('flu' virus)
      - characteristics - attacks respiratory system & causes muscle pains & headaches
    - - pathogen - Tobacco mosaic virus
      - characteristics - causes mottling & discolouration of leaves
- - - - pathogen - Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae
      - malarial parasite Plasmodium has immature forms that feed on haemoglobin
      - characteristics - parasite in the blood that causes headache & fever & may progress to coma & death
    - - pathogen - Phytophyton infestans
      - characteristics - affects both leaves potato tubers
- - - - a beetle will burrow into an infected plant & then spread pathogens to a new plant
- - - - touching contaminated surfaces
      - e.g. HIV, bacterial meningitis, ringworm, athletes foot
      - touching an infected person
      - affecting factors
        
        keep surfaces clean
        
        clean & disinfect cuts
        
        hygiene - regularly wash hands
        
        sterilise surgical equipment
    - - usually by eating or drinking substances contaminated by a pathogen
      - e.g. cholera, food poisoning
      - affecting factors
        
        treatment of waste & drinking water
        
        wash all fresh food & carefully prepare
        
        using human sewage to fertilise crops
        
        thorough cooking
    - - e.g. tuberculosis, influenza
      - affecting factors
        
        cover mouth when sneezing/coughing
        
        use a tissue & ensure its disposed of correctly
        
        catch it, bin it, kill it
      - pathogen carried in water droplets in air
    - - can reside on surface or in soil
      - e.g. anthrax, tetnus
      - carried in air
      - affecting factors
        
        use a mask
        
        wash skin after contact
      - they are the resistant stage of some pathogens
    - - overcrowding - many people living & sleeping in 1 house
      - poor ventilation
      - poor health - a person with AIDs is more lily to contract other diseases due to weakened immune system
      - poor diet - bad diet can lead to weakened immune system & increases chance of transmission
      - homelessness
      - living/working with people who have migrated from disease ridden areas