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Reproductive System Natalie Montoya Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Natalie Montoya Period 2
Major Functions of the Reproductive System
Sexual Reproduction - reproduction involving two (male and female) parents; offspring is genetically different than parent
Male - Functions to produce and disseminate a large quantity of male gamete (sex cells = sperm)
Functions in production of female gamete (ovum or egg) and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
Asexual Reproduction - single parent making a genetically identical offspring
Reproduction – process by which new individuals (offspring) of a species are produced
Fertilized - fusion of egg and sperm that produces a zygote
Anatomy of Male Reproductive Strutures
Anatomy of Female Reproductive Structures
Internal Diagram
External Diagram
Disorders Associated with the Reproductive System
Endometriosis
HIV/AIDS - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Bacteria, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
Viruses, including HIV/AIDS, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Zika.
Parasites, such as trichomonas vaginalis, or insects such as crab lice or scabies mites.
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycles
Typical cycle runs 24-35 days and 28 days on the average
1.) Ovarian cycle –occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturation and ovulation of the mature oocyte
Follicular Phase • Day 1-14
Follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle
FSH causes follicular cells develop into primary follicle
Ovulation • Day 14
Triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
Graafian Follicle releases the oocyte
Luteal Phase • Day 15-28
When follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes Corpus Luteum
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone, some estrogen, and inhibin which suppresses FSH
2.) Uterine (Menstruation) cycle –occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum
Menstruation • Day 1-5
Decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic and die, and are sloughed off or shed (through bleeding)
Bleeding last for 3-5 days
Proliferative Phase • Day 6-14
Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness
Thickening of endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation•
Secretory Phase • Day 15-28
The uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
Uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male
The primary hormones involved in the functioning of the male reproductive system are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland.
Female
The hormones controlling the female reproductive system include gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutenizing hormone (LH), all of which are produced in the brain
Oestrogen and progesterone produced by the ovaries and the corpus luteum
