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SOWK 510 Final Concept Map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Universal
        
        Programs that are provided to anyone, without having to meet additional qualifications (OASDI, Unemployment)
      - Selective
        
        Programs are only available to those who qualify, and meet and maintain additional qualifications (TANF, SNAP, WIC)
    - - Absolute Poverty
        
        Individuals or households experiencing absolute poverty fall at or below the government's poverty line,
      - Relative Poverty
        
        Individuals or households are above the government's poverty line, but do not have enough resources to get what they need, from groceries to medical care.
- - - - Republicans typically favor Supply-Side economics, giving tax cuts to the rich and investing little into social programs, advocating for a "hands-off" approach
      - Democrats typically favor demand-side economics, with a focus on increasing taxes on the wealthy to fund social programs and initiatives for the public utilizing a "hands-on" approach
      - A majority of social welfare programs are funded by taxes, so the economic philosophy of the party in power will have a direct result on the funding available for social programs, especially those that are considered discretionary spending. Entitlement programs are usually considered mandatory spending and will be incorporated into the budget.
- - - - Social workers should also keep in mind that population growth and globalization may create challenges or a lack of resources .Our notable populations will be at the highest risk of experiencing the challenges, and future policy and practice should reflect that.
- - - - Children are one of the most vulnerable populations, especially when experiencing other identities such as poverty or minority status.
- - - - American's with Disabilities Act 1990
        
        It provided standards to be met to end discrimination against those with disabilities, and gave the federal government power to enforce these standards. Federal funding is available to organizations who need to become ADA compliant. 2008 and 2010 amendments and clarifications guided accessible design, the definition of disability and the scope of coverage.
      - Voting Rights Act 1965
        
        It temporarily suspended literacy tests and provided for the appointment of federal examiners with power to approve or block election practices before they were implemented and register qualified citizens to vote. In 1964, the 24th Amendment to the Constitution had outlawed the use of poll taxes. In 1975, amendments to the Voting Rights Act added protections for groups whose native language is not English.
      - Civil Rights Act 1964
        
        This barred unequal application of voter registration requirements; outlawed segregation in certain public places, encouraged school desegregation and authorized lawsuits against schools that resisted integration, empowered federal agencies to withhold funds from programs that practiced segregation, and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to oversee antidiscrimination efforts in employment
      - Violence Against Women Act
        
        It provided funding to increase investigation and prosecution of violent crimes against women, supported education and prevention programming, increased pre-trial detention of people accused of these crimes, imposed automatic and mandatory restitution requirements on those convicted, and allowed civil redress if prosecutors leave cases unprosecuted. It protected battered non-citizens, allowing them to petition for permanent immigration status independent of abusive spouses. It has not passed reauthorization in the senate as of 2019.
      - Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act 1975
        
        Gave Native people greater authority over federal programming, streamlined federal processes, and collaboration between tribal leadership and federal government, and reaffirmed Native rights to be self-governing
      - Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967 & 1986
        
        It protects certain applicants and employees 40 years of age and older from discrimination on the basis of age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment. This builds upon previous anti-discrimination legislation and is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
- - - - The 1960's and 1970's saw a large expansion in civil rights protections for many groups, partially due to the widespread protests and riots of the time. This was soon followed by the War on Drugs and welfare reform, which limited the progressive effects of the Great Society and Civil Rights wins.
    - - In response to the Great Depression, FDR created new programs including the Social Security Act and work relief programs to support Americans in need.
    - - This is the most sweeping progressive legislation seen since the War on Poverty. Although the Obama era included smaller progressive wins for LGBTQ+ rights and affordable healthcare, the American Rescue Plan funds progressive initiatives across many sectors of society, funding COVID-19 relief measures, and less related measures like cybersecurity, minority farmers and expanding the child tax credit.
    - - The 1960's and 70's saw legislation from the JFK and LBJ administrations that expanded on programs created under the New Deal. It also saw the creation of new programs around healthcare, education and welfare programs
    - - The foundation for social welfare policy was laid during this time. English Poor Laws served as the building blocks, and segmented progress with settlement houses, immigration, and abolition was made. The Civil War led to the emancipation of slaves but was quickly followed by Jim Crow Laws during the Reconstruction Era.
- - - - The legislative agenda will influence what bills/issues are prioritized, and plays into how policy is implemented (TANF), bringing the latent cause into question.
- - - - Local or organizational policy is more likely to use a strengths based perspective than state or federal policy.
      - Partisan politics also typically do not use a strengths based perspective, and make it easy to kill bills that do not meet the party's legislative agenda.