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SLEEP, Sleep hygiene: variety of sleep practices that help individuals…
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Sleep hygiene: variety of sleep practices that help individuals attain good-quality sleep at night so they can be awake/alert during the day
education in: maintaining a regular sleep/wake pattern, performing bedtime rituals, providing restful environment, and promoting comfort/relaxation
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sleep disorders can cause numerous complications, including some that impair life
sleep rest disorders
- sleep apnea: repetitive periods of complete or partial airway obstruction; 10-20 breathing pauses then causes abrupt wake up
- insomnia: trouble falling or staying asleep
- hypersomnia/narcolepsy: when someone obtains enough sleep but has severe daytime drowsiness; nervous system disorder
- dyssomnias: restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder; neurologic sensorimotor disorder of wanting to move legs while at rest
etiology: physical, medical, psychiatric, and environmental factors
Polysomnography (PSG): sleep study
- records patients blood oxygen levels, heart rate, breathing, and eye and leg movements
electroencephalogram (EEG)
- monitor brain waves associated with NREM and REM sleep patterns
- monitor sleep patterns
other tests
- monitoring heart rate, breathing, and blood oxygen levels
- using audio and video to record and monitor for certain disorders
Pharmacologic therapies
- sedative-hypnotics (anxiolytics, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines)
- difference in drugs based on if you need helping falling asleep or staying asleep
Non-pharm
- cognitive-behavioral therapy, good sleep hygiene, physical exercise, and relaxation techniques
- use of nasal strips and CPAP or BiPAP machine
- stimulus control (only use for sleep)
- use of herbal supplements
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Children
- manifested in many ways
- bed wetting, teeth grinding, nightmares, and sleepwalking
- usually activity will decrease as child matures
Adolescents
- body's internal clock changes with puberty
- delayed release in melatonin causing delayed sleep phase syndrome
- use of sleep hygiene, sleep restriction therapy, and relaxation techniques are important
Pregnant women
- often develop sleep disorders
- insomnia related to emotions and anxiety
- frequent urination disturbs sleep
- sleep medications can pose a risk for fetus
Older adults
- sleep rest disorders increase in prevalence
- chronic health problems increase sleep disorders
- other physiologic changes affect sleep
Observation and patient interview
- observation for presence of fatigue, decreased cognitive functioning and coordination, dark circles under eyes, and irritability
- obtaining info from spouse
- intreview with questions related to sleep and sleep history
Physical examination
- indicate presence of fatigue and possible sleep-rest disorder
- abnormal vital signs, lack of muscle tone and reflexes, decreased cognitive functioning and coordination
Epworth sleepiness scale
- help determine is patient has a sleep-rest disorder
- 0-10 is normal, 11-24 indicates sleep disorder
-available for specific patients
Stress
- lack of sleep can increase stress related to inability to complete daily activities
Wound Healing
-patients heal while they sleep and the body is able to recover, so not sleeping slows healing process
Relationships
- lack of sleep can lead to decreased attention in daily life, affecting personal relationships
Development
- depending on the patients age, having a lack of sleep can disrupt normal developmental processes