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Grammer - Coggle Diagram
Grammer
Past perfect
Describe earlier past
Action before the simple past
Situation
Something happen up to another point in time
Explaining the past, using another earlier past
Use because
To show surprise
Important: Must be used in past action, past simple, past continuous, and cannot be used alone
If using, after, before, and then, past perfect may not be required, can use past simple, because it may be duplicate
Also used in three
Reported speech
said, had ...
3rd Conditional
If i was ... i wouldn't done
Wish
i wish I had ...
Article
A/An
Mention someone/something at the first time
To show that someone/something is one of the group
a Optician in London (Among all politian in London)
Say when someone job is
Don't use A/An
Uncountable noun
But can use some
Plural nouns
the
Use it when you have mentioned someone/something at the first time or The context Tells the listener the person or the object you are talking about
When there is only one of someone or something
Supernative objectives
E.g the highest, the earliest
Some adjective to talk about groups of people
E.g The rich, the poor
the elderly
kingdoms, states, republic or plural noun in their name
the United Kingdom
The United States
The Philippines
The Iris Republic
Geographic features, such as mountain ranges, rivers, seas
Newspaper
The telegraph
The Herald Tribune
Well-known buildings or works of art
The Taj Mahal
Familes
The Sampsons
Transportation
By + NO the, otherwise, must use the
The ordinary number
the 1st floor, the 2nd floor
Don't use "The"
When we speak things or people in general
Optician prescribes glasses
With sports, subject of study, meals
E.g I am not keen on jogging
He decides to study laws instead of history
With proper nouns, including name of people, companies, countries, cities, continents, languages, special days, elements, etc
Article from Mmm
Indefinite
Singular
Countable
Plural noun
Can use some, but not a /an
Definate
Singular
Countable/Uncountable
Plural
Can use "the" all the time
Rules
Use indefinite when you first introduce a noun, after that, use "the"
When the noun is unique, use the definite article
(well-known)
Speaking a noun in general, uncountable, usually leave the article out.
For countable in general, usually use plurals form
Present perfect
From past to present, and it has not finished
Unfinished time,, meaning it does not have any specific time to finish
E.g I have travelled to France twice
For past simple, it would say, I travelled to France in 2019
Conditional
Condition + Result
Real/Possible
0
If present Simple , present Simple
Real
Result Always the same, past, present or future
Imperative - like a command
1
If present simple, will + infinitive (base form)
In addition to will, we can also use can, could, may, might, going to
A possible future condition, a possible future result
Unless = if ... not
Unreal/Impossible
2
If past simple, would/might/could + infinitive
Always using were, like
I were
he were
she were
Hypothetical
dream
imagination
3
If past perfect (had...), would have past participle
Unreal/impossible/hypothetical
All about the past, which you can't change anymore
Mix
hypothetical past condition, hypothetical present result
If I past perfect, I would be ...
hypothetical present condition, hypothetical past result
If I past + I past perfect