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Microminerals (trace): Vitamin and Mineral Excess/Deficiency - Coggle…
Microminerals (trace): Vitamin and Mineral Excess/Deficiency
fed in mg/day
cobalt
copper
functions
component for multiple enzymes
e- transport
x-link collagen and elsatin
Fe absorption
melanin production
phagocytic cell fxn
excess is stored in liver
requires liver biopsy to assess
deficiency
loss of hair pigmentation
black animals become red
brown animals become yellow
light colored spectacles around eyes
coarse hair
intermittent or profuse watery scours
anemia (hypochromic macrocytic)
lameness, heel cracks
cardiac failure
poor growth rate
impaired fertility
delayed puberty
bad conception rates
poor semen quality
toxicity
most likely mineral to be oversupplemented
chronic
large amounts accumulated in liver
stress or other factors
sudden liberation of Cu into blood
hemolytic crisis
hemolysis
jaundice
hemoglobinuria
widespread necrosis
sudden death
oxidized flavors in milk
acute
dyspnea
gastoenteritis
head pressing
ataxia
circling
CS
large, fryable liver
icteric liver and tissues
hemoglobinuria
blue-black/gun-metal kidneys
in sheep :sheep:
accumulate copper more readily in liver
more susceptible
iodine
functions
synthesis of thyrozine and triiodothyronine
regulate metabolism
factors affecting absorption
goitrogens
interfere with iodine uptake/synthesis/secretion
cyanogenic
raw soy
beet pulp
corn
sweet potato
white clover
increase level of iodine supplementation
progoitrins
kale
rape
cabbage
turnips
mustard
must remove from diet
deficiency
calves
goiter
stillbirths
weak
hairless
adults often normal
adults
enalrged thyroid gland
reduced fetility
suppressed estrus
abortion
stillbirth
extended gestation
etained placenta
increased morbidity
toxicity is uncommon
chronic
excesssive nasal/ocular discharge
salivation
coughing
dry scaly coat
rough hair coat
decreased milk production
impaired repro performance
iron
manganese
functions
in mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins
antioxidant
cellular mitochondria
accumulates in bone, liver, hair
deficiency
decreased growth rate
depressed repro
calf abnormalities
skeletal abnormalities
shortened
deformed
ataxia
inner ear undeveloped
toxicity is rare
molybdenum
function
enzyme component
milk
many tissues
deficiency rare
toxicity
reduces copper absorption
signs of copper deficiency
bleached hair
scouring
delayed puberty
decreased conception
anestrus
selenium/ vitamin E
function
antioxidant
glucothion peroxidase
converting t3 to t4
neutrophil function
sources
plant material, which extract it from soil
central plains >0.1mg/kg
east MS or west of Rockies <0.1mg.kg
fish meal
FDA limits supplementation to 0.3mg/kg
deficiency
white muscle disease/ nutritional muscular dystrophy
acute onset
l
eg weakness
muscle stiffness
flexion of hock joints
tremors
recumbency
respiratory distress
cardiac failure
+/- pale, chalky areas in cardiac and skeletal mm
retained fetal membranes
third timester abortions
still births
depressed immunity
metritis
mastitis
diarrhea, weight loss
ill thirft
infertility
diagnosis
GSH-Px activity
more accurate
selenium serum levels
treatment
injectable ADE and selenum
oral vit E in milk for 2w
toxicosis
sloughing hoofs
lameness
hair loss
emaciation
acute death
overdose by injection
zinc
function
component of many enzymes
immune system
absorption impaired by
interactions with
Cu
Fe
cadmium
Ca
chelation
genetic defect in Dutch Friesan cows
supplementation recommended
improves
hoof horn health
immunity
lowers somatic cell counts
deficiency
repro
reduced testes growth
impaired spermatozoa
altered prostaglandin synthesis
may affect CL function
paraketosis of skin on
legs
neck
head
nostrils
weak hoof horn
lameness
stiffness
impaired immunity
elevated somatic cell counts
functions
components in hormones
components in enzymes or enzyme cofactors