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Nuerology - Coggle Diagram
Nuerology
Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Brain
Lobes
Frontal
Precentral Gyrus / Primary Motor Cortex
Personality Lobe
Parietal
Postcentral Gyrus / Primary Somatic Cortex
Sensory Interpretation Lobe
Occipital
Vision Lobe
Temporal
Language / Hearing Lobe
Central Sulcus
Groove separating the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
Groove separating the Parietal lobe and the Occipital lobe
Lateral Sulcus
Groove separating the Temporal lobe
Limbic System / Insula
Fornix
Wraps around the insula and attaches to the hippocampus
Hippocampus
Short Term memory and Learning
Amygdala
Emotion and Memory
Cingulate Gyrus
Role in emotions
Relevant Structures
Cerebellum
Role is coordination and movement
Brain Stem
Mid Brain
Deals with different reflexes
Also deals with "righting" reflexes
Pons
Relay centre between the cerebellum and cerebrum
Works to regulate breathing
Medulla Oblongata
Controls involuntary / autonomic actions
Pituitary Glands (Anterior/Posterior)
Endocrine Gland
Corpus Callosum
Attaches the left and right hemisphere together
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Relay centre for somatic sensory and motor information
Hypothalamus
Links the nervous system to the endocrine system
Pineal Gland (Epithalamus)
Secretes melatonin
Cerebrum
Longitudinal Fissure
Divides the left and right hemisphere
Cerebral Cortex
Outer layer of grey matter - 2mm to 4mm thick
Cerebral White Matter
Sensory Homonculus
Sensory map on the cerebral cortex of body parts
Spinal Cord
Spinal Nerves - 31 Pairs
Thoracic Spinal Nerves - 12
Lumbar Spinal Nerves - 5
Coccygeal Spinal Nerve - 1
Sacral Spinal Nerves - 5
Cervical Spinal Nerves - 8
Spinal Nerve Anatomy
Ventral Root
Only for Efferent Neurones
Somatic Neurones
Autonomic Neurones
Dorsal Root
Dorsal Ganglion
Only for Sensory Neurones
Surrounded by Epineurium
Fascicles
Surrounded by Perineurium
Contains neurones
Surrounded by Endoneurium
Spinal Cord Anatomy
Central Canal
Cerebrospinal Fluid
White Matter
Outer portion of the spinal cord
Ascending Tract = Sensory Nerve Fibres
Cutaneous Receptors
Proprioceptors
Descending Tract = Motor Nerve Fibres
Voluntary Action
Stimulus originates at the cerebrum
Involuntary Action
Stimulus originates at the brain stem and cerebellum
Grey Matter
Inner "H" portion of the spinal cord
Posterior Column is Sensory Neurones
Anterior Columns are composed of Lower Motor Neurones
The Lower Motor Neurones are stimulated by Upper Motor Neurones
Meninges
Piamater
Arachnoid
Duramater
Upper Motor Neurone
Lower Motor Neurone
Tracts
Ascending (Sensory)
Fasciculus Gracilis
Below T6 - Lower Limb
Ipsilateral
Fine Touch / Vibration / Proprioception
Fasciculus Cuneatus
Above T6 - Upper Limb
Ipsilateral
Fine Touch / Vibration / Proprioception
Anterior / Posterior Spinocerebellar
Spino-olivary
Lower Limb
Proprioception to the cerebellum
Cuneocerebellar Rostral Spinocerebellar
Upper Limb
Proprioception to the cerebellum
Lateral Spinothalamic
Contralateral
Pain / Temperature
Anterior Spinothalamic
Contralateral
Crude Touch / Pressure
Descending (Motor)
Lateral Corticospinal
Voluntary Movement
Contralateral
Rubrospinal
Fine Motor Control
Lateral Reticulospinal
Inhibits Contraction / Reduces tonicity / Automatic Breathing
Medial Reticulospinal
Facilitates contraction / Increases tonicity
Vestibulospinal
Balance / Posture
Tectospinal
Head and Vision Coordination
Anterior Corticospinal
Voluntary Movement
Ipsilateral
Peripheral Nervous System
Motor/Efferent Division
Somatic Nervous Response
Autonomic Nervous Response
Sympathetic Response
Parasympathetic Response
Sensory/Afferent Division
Somatic Senses
Special Senses
Visceral Senses
Neurone
Anatomy
Cell Body
Nucleus
Dendrites
Axon Hillock
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Schwann Cell
Support the nerve cells
Neurilemma
Nodes of Ranvier
Axon Terminals
Synaptic Cleft
Action Potential
Types
Afferent (PNS)
Efferent (PNS)
Interneuron (CNS)
Classifications
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Group of Axons
Tracts (CNS)
Nerves (PNS)
Group of Cell Bodies
Nuclei (CNS)
Ganglia (PNS)
Orders
1st Order
Sensory neurone that detects the stimulus
2nd order
Takes the impulse to the thalamus
3rd Order
Carries the impulse / signal to the sensory region of the cortex
Nerve Type
A Alpha
Myelinated
Motor - Skeletal Muscle
A Beta
Myelinated
Sensory - Touch / Pressure
A Gamma
Myelinated
Motor - Muscle Spindles / Proprioception
A Delta
Myelinated
(FAST) Pain / Temperature
B
Myelinated
Autonomic / pre-ganglion sympathetic
C
Unmyelinated
(SLOW) Pain / Autonomic / post-ganglion sympathetic / Polymodal nociceptors
Pain Gate Theory
Practical
Myotomes
Lower Limb
L1 / L2 - Hip Flexion
L3 - Knee Extension
L4 - Ankle Dorsiflexion
L5 - Big Toe Extension
S1 - Ankle Plantar Flexion
S2 - Knee Flexion
Upper Limb
C1 / C2 - Cervical Flexion
C3 - Cervical Side Flexion
C4 - Shoulder Elevation
C5 - Shoulder Abduction
C6 - Elbow Flexion + Wrist Extension
C7 - Elbow Extension + Wrist Flexion
C8 - Thumb Extension
T1 - Finger Abduction + Finger Adduction
Dermatomes
Upper Limb
Cervical
Thoracic
Lower Limb
Lumbar
Sacral
Reflex Test
Upper Limb
Biceps
Triceps
Lower Limb
Patellar
Ankle
Neuro Testing
Babinski Test
Clonus Test
Stereognosis Test
2 Point Discrimination Test
Light Touch Test
Temperature Test