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B Vitamins: Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency - Coggle Diagram
B Vitamins: Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency
biotin
functions
enzyme cofactor
improve hood horn health
folic acid
inositol
niacin (B3)
functions
mitochondrial respiration
CHO, lipid, amino acid metabolism
anti-lipolytic
prevents excess triglyceride deposition
pantithetic acid
riboflavin (B2)
thiamine (B1)
function
coenzyme in metabolism pathways
role in brain and nerve function
metabolism of neurotransmitters
sources
grains
soy
rumen microbes
deficiency
polioencephamalacia
cerebrocortical necrosis
risk factors
sudden diet changes
stressors
crowding
weather changes
other cow concerns
high grain/low forage feeding
excess dietary sulfur
binds free H to create toxic gas
CS
early signs
transient diarrhea
anorexia
staggering
hyperesthesia
muscle tremors
ear flicking
facial tremors
progression
circling
cortical blindness
abnormal menace response
head pressing
opisthotonos
dorsomedial strabismus
repetitive chewing
head tilt
recumbency
tonic-clonic convulsions
treatment
parental thiamine injection
rapid reversal
neurological deficits may remain for weeks
anti-inflammatory
dexamethasone
reduce cerebral edema
anti-convulsants
phenobarbital
diazepam
antibiotics to cover risk infection
causes
bacterial thiaminase production
production/ingestion of thiamine analogs
decreased intake
impaired production or absorption
altered thiamine metabolism
low ruminal concentration
B12