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The Reproductive System, David Arroyo, Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
The Reproductive System, David Arroyo, Period 5
Hormones of the reproductive system(male and female)
Reproductive Hormone Secretion
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Released from hypothalamus reaches anterior pituitary cells via hypophyseal portal system
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
gonadotropins released from anterior pituitary
Sex hormones
estrogen and progesterone
testosterone(males)
Inhibin
released from gonads of both male and female–Exerts negative feedback on FSH release from anterior pituitary
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Ovaries
female gonads
Secrete female sex hormones, estrogen(estradiol, estrone, estriol), and progesterone
paired structures flank the uterus, are almond shaped and about twice as large
Ovarian ligament
anchors ovary medially to uterus
Suspensory ligament
anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall
Ovarian follicles
tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex
Internal genitalia
located in pelvic cavity; include ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina)
External genitalia
external sex organs
Female Duct System
Uterine tubes
also called fallopian tubes or oviducts, receive ovulated oocyte and are usual site of fertilization
Uterus
Vagina
Infundibulum
funnel-shaped opening into the peritoneal cavity
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Reproductive system does not function continuously like other organ systems
Male and female reproductive organs are quite different, but share same four tasks:
Form specialized cells for sexual reproduction call gametes
Bring gametes from male and female together through sexual intercourse (copulation)
Combine genetic information contained within gametes through fertilization
Support development of fetus (gestation) and birth of baby (parturition)
Primary sex organs (gonads)
testes(male) and ovaries (female) product two products:
Gametes
sperm (male) and ova (females)
Sex hormones
(steroid hormones): Testosterone (males) and estrogens and progesterone (females)
Accessory reproductive organs
ducts, glands, and external genitalia
Events of the female hormonal cycles (be sure to include all categories)
follicular phase
A primordial follicle becomes primary follicle.
Follicle is now called primary (1°) follicle (Step 2)
ovulation
Each month after puberty, a select few primary oocytes are activated (release of egg)
Caused by high hormone levels, especially FSH
One from this group is “selected” each month to become dominant follicle
menstrual cycle
Phase 1
gonadotropin-independent pre-antral phase involves intrafollicular paracrines
Phase 2
stimulated by FSH and LH▪Dominant follicle is selected▪Primary oocyte resumes meiosis I
luteal phase
Remaining cells form corpus luteum
If no pregnancy occurs, corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans(scar) in 10 days (Fig. 27.23 Step 7)
Disorders associated with the reproductive system(including STI’s)
Bacterial and Parasitic sexually transmitted infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial infection of mucosae of reproductive and urinary tracts
Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Syphilis
Bacterial infection transmitted sexually or congenitally
Caused by Treponema pallidum
Infected fetuses can be stillborn or die shortly after birth
Trichomoniasis
Parasitic infection that is more common in women than men
Chlamydia
Most common bacterial STI in United States
Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Can be contracted from birth canal by newborns
Viral Sexually transmitted infections
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Cause of genital warts
Genital Herpes
Caused by herpes simplex virus
STI’s and reproductive disorders
STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) or venereal diseases (VDs)