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Reproductive System, Karen Corona Period 6 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System, Karen Corona Period 6
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Menopause
Menstrual cycle ceases usually between 45-55 and ovarian no longer responsive to hormones released by anterior pituitary
Symptoms: Dizziness, Headaches, insomnia, sleepiness, depression and hot rashes
Prostate Cancer
2nd most common cancer among men
Symptoms: May have none at early stages, Advanced stages trouble urinating blood in semen and discomfort in pelvic area
Treatment: Depends on person but can include chemo, radiation, hormone therapy surgery
Cervical Cancer
malignant tumor of the cervix, the lowermost part of the uterus
Symptoms: irregular bleeding or pain or no symptoms
Treatment:surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy
Prostatitis
man's prostate, a small walnut-sized gland that produces seminal fluid
Symptoms: difficulty with urination, but sometimes there are no symptoms at all
Treatment: radiation, surgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or other treatments
STI
infection passed from one person to another person through sexual contact
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that can be treated with good care but also cause infertility
Symptoms: An abnormal vaginal discharge, A burning sensation when urinating, Pain and swelling in one or both testicles
Treatments: Take medicine prescribed by your doctor and make sure to get tested every 3 months
Syphilis
Symptoms: Sores, rashes in the first two stages and then end up in long term damage to brain, nerves eyes or heart
Treatment: If one has primary or secondary stage they will be able to treat it with a penicillin vaccine
HIV/AIDS
When having HIV it can lead to having aids when getting more complex
There is no cure but there is treatments to make things easier
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Uterine(Fallopian tubes)
Receive the ovulates oocyte, provide site for fertilization
FImbrae- Finger like projectorions at the distal end that receive the oocyte from the ovary
Cilia- Inside the uterine tube slowly move the oocyte toward the uterus
Uterus
Located between the urinary bladder and rectum
Receive fertilized egg and retain the fertilized egg and nourish
Walls of the uterus
Endometrium
Allows for implantation of a fertilized egg
Inner layer
Myometrium
Middle layer of smooth muscle
Perimetrium
Outer visceral periotoneum
Vagina
Extends from the cervix to exterior of body
Behind bladder and in front of rectum
Serves as a birth canal
Receives the penis during sexual intercourse
Hymen: Membrane that partially closes the vaginal opening
External Genitalia
Labia: Skin folds around the vaginal opening
Labia Majora: Outer fold
Labia Minora; Inne fold
Vestibule: Area enclosed by labia majora
COntains the opening to the urethra and vestibular gland
CLitoris: contains erectile tissue
Corresponds to the male penis
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
External Male Structures
Penis
Shaft: the body of the penis
Root: Part of the pnis that attaches to abdomen
Glans: The cone shape end of penis also called the head
Scrotum: Loose sac that hangs at the back the penis holding the testes
Testes: Make testosterone and primary male sex hormone sperm
Epididymis: Carries and stores sperm that are created in the testes
Internal Male Structures
Ejaculatory Duct: formed by the fusion of the vas deferes and empties out into the urethra
Urethra: carries urine from the bladder to outside of your body, and (ejaculating) semen when you reach orgasm
Vas deferens: Long muscular tube that transports mature sperm through the urethra
Seminal Vesicles: make a sugar-rich fluid that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms ability to move
Prostate Gland: The prostate gland contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate
Bulbourethral glands: produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Ovarian Cycle
Occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturation and ovulation of the mature oocyte
Follicular Phase: Day 1-14
Extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation
Follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicles where only one become grain follicle and then the eggs released
Ovulation: Day 14
Triggered by sudden spike increase of LH caused to steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
Slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation causes basal body temperature to rise about 0.4-0.6 F
Luteal Phase: Day 14-28
When follicle expels the oocyte the empty shell becomes cropus luteum
Secretes progesterone som estrogen and inhibit which surpasses FSH
If pregnancy occurs the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen
Menstrual Cycles
Occurs in the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum
Menstruation: Day 1-15
Decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict cells become ischemic and die
Proliferative Phase: Day 6-14
Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium causing it to double in thickness
Uterus is preparing for fertilized egg
Secretory Phase: Day 15-28
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Major functions of the Reproductive system
Female Reproductive System
produce eggs to be fertilized, and to provide the space and conditions to allow a baby to develop
Also has the right structures to allow sperm reach the ova of a woman
Male Reproductive System
To Produce & dissemate a large quantity of male gamete sex cells(sperm)
Main goal is to produce sperm and deliver it to the egg
Primary
Testes: Primary sex organ
Sperm: Male gamete
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male Reproductive System
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Produced by the pituitary gland
FSH is necessary for sperm production (spermatogenesis)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Produced by the pituitary gland
LH stimulates the production of testosterone
testosterone
necessary to continue the process of spermatogenesis
Female Reproductive System
Hormones
FSH
released by a part of the brain called the anterior pituitary
FSH is carried by the bloodstream to the ovaries and stimulates the immature eggs
LH
released by the anterior pituitary
travels to the ovaries
LH triggers ovulation and encourages the formation of a special group of cells called the corpus luteum
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
made by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus
travels to another part of the brain where it controls the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH).
Oestrogen
produced by the growing ova and by the corpus luteum
helps to control the levels of GnRH, FSH and LH
Progesterone
released by the corpus luteum
High levels of progesterone control the levels of GnRH, FSH and LH