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The Reproductive System--Alondra Cobian (P.5), image, image - Coggle…
The Reproductive System--Alondra Cobian (P.5)
Anatomy and Function of female structures
Labia majora
--protect external organs and they have hair on the skin which contains sweat and oil glands
Labia minora
--surround the opening of the vagina and urethra and it's very sensitive
Clitoris
--similar to foreskin at the tip of the penis and it's where both labia minors meet and it can also become erect
Vagina
--joins the cervix, serves as the birth canal, and it's the external organ
Uterus
-- hollow organ that houses babies and it's divided into the lower part which is the cervix and the corpus which is the main body.
perimetrium
--outermost lserous layer
myometrium
--bulky middle layer made of smooth muscle
endometrium
--mucsoal lining
ovaries
--small, oval glands, on either sides of uterus that produce eggs and hormones
Fallopian tubes
--narrow tubes attached to upper part of uterus and are pathways for the eggs. Fertilization of egg occurs in these tubes and then it implants in the uterus.
eggs(0va
)--housed in ovaries and females are born with their lifetime supply of eggs.
Major Functions of Reproductive System
Male
produces and transports sperm
produces and distributes male sex hormones (testostone)
discharges sperm into the female reproductive organs during intercourse
Female
produces eggs
houses the baby to develop
allows sperm to enter in order to fertilize the egg
produces female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone
Anatomy and Function of male structures
Penis-
- used in sexual intercourse, made of three parts (root, body, or shaft, and glans--> head of penis which is covered in foreskin), The body of the penis is has chambers made of sponge-tissue which fills with blood when man erects.
Scrotum
-- loos skin sac which hangs and contains the testes. Scrotum= climate control system for the testes.
Testicles
--oval organs which are secured by speramtic cord. The testes make testosterone which generates sperm. The testes are made of tubes called somniferous tubules which produce sperm.
Epididymis
--long tube that is behind each testicle. It transports and stores sperm and it develops it towers maturity.
Vas Deferens
--long tube that goes from the epididymis to the pelvic cavity and it transports mature sperm to the urethra.
Ejaculatory ducts
--formed by vas defers and seminal vesicles and it empties into urethra
Urethra
--carries urins and semen (at separate times) to the outside of the body.
Seminal vesicles-
-produce the liquid in which sperm swim in and it makes up most of the fluid in the ejaculatoy duct
Prostate
--it helps to nourish the sperm
Cowper's gland
--produce clear fluid that goes into the urethra and it helps to lubricate it and neutralize urine in the same tube.
Hormones of the reproductive system
estrogen
--promote oogenesis and follicle growth in ovary, they support rapid short-lived growth spurts during purberty
produced in placenta during pregancy
exerts anabolic effect on female rep. tract.
it promotes the maturation of the ovum in the menstrual cycle.
progesterone
--produced by porous leuteum in ovary and prepares endometrium for possible fertilization and it overcomes the production of estrogen after ovulation.
Leutenizing hormone (LH
)--produced by pituitary gland and it stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. It triggers the release of mature eggs.
Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH
)--produced by pituitary gland during the beginning half od the menstreual cycle. It stimulates the maturation of the eggs and it controls ovum and sperm production in both genders.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH
)--produced by hypothalamus and it causes the release of hormones like LH and FSH
Testosterone
-- it regulates sex drive, bones mass, and strength and it also produces RBC's and sperm
Inhibin
--protein secreted by Sertoli cells in men and granulose in women. It controls FSH secretion.
Female Hormonal Cycle
The follicular phase (days 1 to 14)
--begins with the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus which then triggers FSH and LH. This then causes the follicles to complete ovum maturation and by day 14 one follicle has fully matured to exit the ovaries and it's released.
The luteal phase (days 15 to 28
)--The uterus prepares itself for pregnancy and it features corpus lute activity. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone makes the endometrium become thicker and it inhibits FSH and LH to be released because it's getting ready to nourish an embryo. Once the concentration of progesterone increases it tells the hypotahalums to stop releasing GnRH
The proliferative phase (days 6-14)
--estrogen rises after the end of mensuration as the ovaries prepare for next ovulation and during this time the endometrium grows thicker and it preapres for the possibility of a pregancy
The secretary phase (days 15-28)
--The concentration of progesterone increases and it makes the endometrium receptive to the fertilized egg and its it's fertilized then it implants itself in the wall of the uterus
stages of follicle development
--
PHASE 1)
Gonadotropin-independent are antral phase involved intrafollicualr parasites.
PHASE 2)
--antral phase stimulated by FSH and LH
Disorders
Breast Cancer
--second most common cause of cancer death in U.S. women and 13% develop this condition.
RISK FACTORS:
early menstruation and late menopause , no pregnancies, short period of breast feeding.
TREATMENT:
radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery
Testicular Cancer
--rare but most common in men from ages 15-35. It causes lumps which leads to testes inflammation although it's also painless.
Prostate cancer
--most common cause of cancer death in males (affects 1 in 6) and it's treated with surgery and even radiation.
Clamydia
--can be contracted from birth cancel to new borns and it's sysmptoms is often having no sytmpons but it's more curable.
Trichomonaiasis
--parasitic infection=more common in women than men and symptoms can be non or green discharge
Gonorrhea
--bacterial infection of mucosa of reproductive and urinary tracts. most infections are asymptomatic and in males it can have some painful urination or pus discharge from penis and in females it causes discomfort and inflammation.
Genital Herpes
--difficult human pathogen to control due to unknown areas of infection, it can be treated with antiviral drugs and it can reduce duration of flare ups.
