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Reproductive System(RS), Itzel Gonzalez, Period 6 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System(RS), Itzel Gonzalez, Period 6
Major Functions of RS
Reproduction
new individuals of a species are produced
Sexual Reproduction
reproduction between a male and female
offspring is genetically different than parent
Fertilization
fusion of
sperm
egg
produce zygote
Gonads
primary sex organs
testes
males
ovaries
females
produce gametes
sex cells
secrete hormones
Gametes
are haploid
1 copy of each chromosome
23 total
Major Male RS
produce and disseminate
large quantity of male gamete
sex cell=
sperm
goal=
produce sperm
deliver to egg
testes=
primary sex organ
sperm=male gamete
Accessory Organs
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
External genitalia
penis
scrotum
Ductus system
delivery of male gamete
Major Female RS
functions
production of female gamete
prepares to support development of embryo during pregnancy
ovaries
primary female sex organs
ductus system
delivery of female gamete
accessory organs
uterine
uterus
vagina
External genitalia
Mon pubis
Labias
Vestibule
Clitoris
ovulation=
ability to release eggs
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Testes
Coverings
Tunica albouginea
capsule surrounding testes
Septa (septum)
extenskon of capsule
extends into testis
divides into lobules
each lobule contains
1 to 4 seminiferous tubules
tightly coiled structures
sperm producing factory
empty sperm into
rete testis
to epididymis
sertoli cells
provide nutrients and supportive function
Interstitial cells
found around seminiferous tubules
produce androgens
ex. testorone
Sperm
sperm production starts at 14yrs. old
produce several hundred mil./day
Head
contains nucleus w/ DNA inside
Acrosome
anterior portion of head
contains enzyme
needed to penetrate female egg
Midpiece
contains mitochondria
provides energy
ATP
Flagella
only human cell with tail
propels spermatocyte
Ductus System
Epididymis
comma shaped
tightly coiled tube
function
mature and store sperm cells
expels sperm with contraction of muscles
to vas deferens
Ductus deferens(vas deferens)
carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
passes through inguinal canal and over urinary bladder
moves sperm by peristalsis
Spermatic cord
made of
ductus deferens
blood vessels
nerves surrounded by CT sheath
Urethra
extends from base of urinary bladder to tip of penis
carries both sperm and urine
sperm enters form ejaculatory duct
Semen
milky white mixture
secretion from many glands
provide transport medium for sperm
inhibits bacterial multiplication
Seminal vesicles
produces
thick
alkaline
yellowish secretion
located at base of urinary bladder
contains
fructose
vitamin C
other substances that nourish and activate sperm
Prostate gland
secretes milky fluid
helps activate sperm
encircle upper part of urtehera
chestnut shape
makes 25% of semen
Bulbourethral gland
AKA cowper's gland
located at base of penis
secretes alkaline mucus
pre-ejaculatory cleanses neutralizes traces of acidic urine
makes 5% of semen
Scrotum
sac of skin outside abdomen that holds testes
regulates temp. of testes
maintains them at 3 degrees celcius
Penis
tubular organ
delivers
urine
semen
Regions
root
attached to body wall
shaft
free, movable portion
Glans penis
contains urethral opening
Prepuce
AKA foreskin
fold cuff of skin
Corpora cavernosa
erectile tissue
contains most of blood during erection
Corpora spongiosum
surrounds urethra
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
ovaries
primary female sex organs
female gonad
almond shaped
tunica albuginea
fibrous capsule
outer cortex
houses developing female gamete, oocyte within follicles
Inner medulla
contains
loose CT
Large blood vessels
nerves
ductus system
delivery of female gamete
Accessory organs
uterine
uterus
vagina
External Genitalia
Mon pubis
labias
vestibule
clitoris
Support for ovaries
suspensory ligaments
secures ovary to lateral walls of pelvis
ovarian ligaments
attach ovary to uterus
broad ligaments
encloses suspensory ligament
Oogenesis
Producing ovum
egg cells
total supply of eggs at birth
ovulation
ability to release eggs
begins a puberty
Graafian follicle
mature oocyte
Uterine(Fallopian) Tube
recieve ovulate oocyte
provide site for fertilization
Function
fimbriae
finger like projections
receive oocyte from ovary
cilia
slowly moves oocyte towards uterus
fertilization occurs inside uterine
Uterus
found between
urinary bladder
rectum
hollow organ
functions
receive fertilized egg
retain fertilized egg
nourish fertilized egg
support for uterus
broad ligament
anchor interiorly
round ligament
attached to pelvis
uterosacral ligament
anchored posteriorly
Regions
Body
main portion
fundus
area where uterine tube enters
cervix
narrow outlet
protrudes into vagina
Walls
Endometrium
inner layer
allows for implantation
Mymometrium
middle layer
Perimetrium
outer visceral peritoneum
Vagina
extends from cervix to exterior of body
found
behind bladder
infront of rectum
birth canal
receives penis during intercourse
Mymen
partially closes vaginal opening
allows for vaginal secretions to pass outside
Mon pubis
fatty pad
covered by pubic hair
Labia
skin folds around vaginal opening
Labia majora
outer fold
Labia minora
inner fold
Vestibule
area enclosed by labia majora
contains
urethral
greater vestibular gland
Mammary Glands
modified sweat glands
present in both sexes
stimulated by sex hormones
function
produce milk
Hormones of RS
Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH)
released by hypothalamus in brain
stimulates anterior pituitary gland
to release LH and FSH
during puberty
Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
stimulates development and maturation of
primary follicle
into secondary follicle
Luteinizing hormone(LH)
spike of hormone
triggers ovulation
Inhibin
decreases release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
Estrogen
PRIMARY female sec hormone
released by follicle
stimulates growth of
uterus
vagina
low levels causes release of FSH
High levels causes release of LH and GnRH
Thickening of uterine wall
onset of menstrual cycle
Progesterone
triggers suppression of hypothalamus
stimulates development and growth
prepares mammary glands for lactation
helps maintain pregnancy
maintains myometrium in inactive state
Disorders associated with RS
STDs
syphilis
caused by a bacteria that can cause serious health sequelae of not treated
genital herpes
a common sexually transmitted infection that cause genital pain and sores
chlamydia
severely affects the women's reproductive system when not treated quickly
gonorrhea
an infectious STD in the genitals, rectum and throat
crabs
parasitic insect found in the pubic or genital area
trichomoniasis
a common STD that is caused by a parasite that spread through sex.
scabies
Infestation of the skin by human itch mite
PID
a clinical syndrome that results from ascension of microorganisms
HIV/AIDS
a virus with no cure that can be transmitted in many forms
originates form an infections found in a type of chimpanzee in central Africa
Events of female hormonal cycles
2 cycles
Ovarian cycle
occurs in ovaries
leading to maturation and ovulation of mature oocyte
made up of follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase
Uterine cycle
occurs in uterus to prepare uterus for implantation
made up of menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase
Follicular phase
Day 1-14
extends from beginning of menstruation to ovulation
FSH causes follicular cells to develop into primary follicle
follicular cells secrete estrogen
Ovulation
Day 14
triggered by sudden spike increase in LH
caused by steady increase in estrogen
stimulating the pituitary gland
Graafian follicle releases oocyte
slight rise in progesterone before ovulation
causes basal body temp. to rise
Luteal Phase
Day 15-28
follicle expels oocyte
empty shell becomes corpus luteum
corpus luteum secretes progesterone
if not pregnant corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans
if pregnant corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen
menstruation
Day 1-5
decline of estrogen and progesterone
cause spiral arteries to constrict
calls become ischemic and die
are sloughed off/shed
bleeding last 3-5 days
Proliferative phase
Day 6-14
estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of endometrium
causes it to double in thickness
thickening also ovulated egg to be caught
uterus is preparing for fertilized egg
Secretory phase
Day 15-28
uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
in response to rising levels of progesterone by corpus luteum
uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain embryo until implantation occurs
if not pregnant at end of phase LH levels drop
due to high levels of progesterone
progesterone level drops following decline in LH
leading into menstrual phase next month