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The Reproductive System Juan Olivares P2 - Coggle Diagram
The Reproductive System Juan Olivares P2
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)
Male
Male reproductive system functions to produce and disseminate a large quantity of male gamete (sex cells = sperm)
Female
Female reproductive system functions in production of female gamete (ovum or egg) and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Primary
Ovaries - primary female sex organs
Secondary/accessory
Uterine (Fallopian) tube - Receives the ovulated oocyte and provides a site for fertilization
Uterus - Hollow organ that is located between the urinary bladder and rectum
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Primary
sperm - male gamete
Testes - primary sex organ
Secondary/accessory
Epididymis - functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least 20 days)
Ductus deferens (Vas deferens) - carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Urethra - extends from the base of urinary bladder to the tip of the penis
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Male Hormones
Testosterone
Primary sex hormones that help in development of male reproductive tissues.
Female Hormones
Progesterone
triggers suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH
Estrogen
primary female sex hormone released by follicle (in ovary)
Events of the female Hormonal cycles
Ovarian cycle - occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturation and ovulation of the mature oocyte.
Ovulation - Day 14; triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
Luteal phase - Day 15-28; when follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes Corpus Luteum
Follicular phase - lasts 1-14 days and extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation.
Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle - occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum
Menstruation - Day 1-5; Decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict. cells become ischemic and die, and are sloughed off or shed through bleeding.
Proliferative phase - Day 6-14; Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of endometrium, causing it to double in thickness
Day 15-28; In response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum, the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Prostate Cancer - 2nd most common cancer among men
Symptoms
May have none at early stages
Advanced stages: trouble urinating, blood in semen, ED, discomfort in pelvic area, bone pain